2012年11月26日星期一
Energy Saving Grant For Minority, Women, & Veteran Owned Businesses
The private sector is stepping up in new ways to support American businesses that the public sector has not to date.
Independence LED (www.IndependenceLED.com), a Pennsylvania manufacturer of energy saving LED tube lights and multi tube light fixtures, has launched an Energy Saving Grant program specifically for Minority, Women, and Veteran business enterprises. The program is set for Pennsylvania first, since it is the home state of the company.
Based on the traction and availability of additional funds beyond the $5 Million allocated for Pennsylvania, Independence LED may consider rolling out the program in 2013 to other states across the country. Industry insiders expect that the states beyond Pennsylvania would include other northeast corridor states and possibly California given the higher cost per kWh than the U.S. average.
Independence LED’s Chairman said, “Our success in the LED tube light industry has triggered the initiation of this Grant Program for Minority, Women, and Veteran owned business across our home state of Pennsylvania. When we learned about the disproportionally high unemployment levels among Veterans and Minorities, we were even more motivated to support our fellow business owners in Pennsylvania and reward their entrepreneurial spirit. Since lighting typically accounts for about a third of commercial electricity consumption, and our LEDs reduce the cost by 50%, every dollar saved can go towards either retaining or hiring key employees.” When questioned about the roll out to other states, Mr. Szoradi responded, “We are open to expanding the program in 2013 to other states especially those with political leadership that has set target benchmarks for energy efficiency. Governors from both parties can inspire change to reduce energy waste, and we added Veteran owned business to our Grant program in to support all of those that have served our country.”
The Grant includes multiple different elements relates to the savings generated by LED tube lights: 10% of the Cost of the LED tube light Retrofit Equipment up to $50,000 in Grant payments per business location; 100% of the Cost of an Energy Analysis; 6 Month Extension on the National CASH for CLUNKERS T12 program; $0 Down Payment Financing Options with cash flow positive results for qualified businesses.
To see the Energy Saving Grant eligibility requirements and details, see: Independence LED Grant Program for LED tube lights.
The Made in America Advantage:Independence LED has not only launched the Grant program to help American businesses reduce operating costs, but they have also has made a commitment to U.S. manufacturing and job creation. Independence LED moved its manufacturing of their LED tube lights from China to Boyertown, PA in 2010. The Company has seen a tremendous lift in demand and leadership respect across the engineering landscape. Over the course of 2011, Lockheed Martin’s engineering team conducted the reviews and approved the Independence LED tube light system over others for the coveted Con Edison Rebates in the NYC Metro Market. The Independence LED “External Driver” system has set a new standard. The LED tube light has “Deep Fin” thermal management and “Flex Density?”. For 2011, Independence LED won the Green Business of the Year Award from the Main Line Chamber of Commerce, and their LED tube light clients now range from leading Fortune 500 companies in Financial Services and Insurance to Distribution Centers and National Auto Service Chains. The retrofit of 50 different Auto Service locations across CT and NJ includes over 6 miles of LED Tubes and may stand as the largest installation of LED Tubes in the U.S. to date. Plus, Independence may have set the record for the largest single facility retrofitted with LED tube lights to date. See: Largest LED Tube Light Retrofit - Media Coverage Page.
Larson Electronics' Magnalight.com Releases Explosion Proof LED Light for Refinery and Corrosive Environment Use
KEMP, TEXAS, NOV. 1, 2012 — /PRNewswire/ -- Larson Electronics' Magnalight.com has announced the release of an explosion proof LED light fixture designed specifically for use in locations where wetness and corrosion is an issue. Built to withstand the damaging effects of wet and corrosive conditions often countered in marine and refinery applications, the HALP-48-2L-LED explosion proof LED light provides excellent output and high durability in a low maintenance lighting package. With its non metal construction and fully sealed design, this fixture is ideal for petrochemical and industrial marine applications where durable and effective lighting solutions are needed.
The HALP-48-2L-LED Class 1 Division 2 LED Light from Magnalight.com is well suited for use in the marine and petrochemical industries as a Class 1 Division 2 lighting solution that can withstand the corrosive effects of wet marine environments. Featuring a non-corrosive, glass fiber reinforced polyester housing with poured in cover gasket and an impact resistant acrylic diffuser secured with stainless steel cover latches, this light is designed to stand up to the abusive conditions often encountered in offshore petrochemical operations. These hazardous location lights are fitted with Magnalight's high output LED tube lamps, helping them produce excellent lumen output and color rendering as well as giving them high resistance to damage from vibrations and impacts. Equipped with LED lamps rather than fluorescent tubes, these fixtures require no ballasts, which makes these units lighter in weight and easier to install and service. Additionally, the LED lamps in these fixtures provide longer operating life, with a 50,000+ hour LED life compared to the standard 20,000 hours associated with fluorescent lamps. The HALP-48-2L-LED also provides a lower cost alternative to LED fixtures equipped with integral LED lamps and can be upgraded and re-lamped as easily as traditional fluorescent explosion proof lights. In fixtures where integral LEDs are utilized, the operator must replace the entire fixture when they reach the end of their operating life. With the HALP-48-2L-LED, operators can simply replace the LED tube when it becomes necessary the same as they would a typical fluorescent light. This serviceability also means you can upgrade to higher output lamps as LED designs advance, providing better returns on your investment while allowing you to further increase lighting effectiveness as the technology improves if desired. These explosion proof light fixtures provide even more benefits in the form of lighter weight and reduced maintenance costs, and since fixtures with an integrated LED design cost approximately $1,000 on average, they are substantially more affordable at less than $700.00 per fixture. The HALP-48-2L-LED is UL Class 1 Division 2, Groups A, B, C, D and UL 1598A Marine Type approved and works with voltages ranging from 120V-60hz to 277V-60hz. The HALP-48-2L-LED is a cost effective lighting solution that provides a long list of benefits for operators in petrochemical applications and marine based hazardous locations and offers an affordable yet safe and reliable alternative to traditional fluorescent lamps.
"The HALP-48-2L-LED Class 1 Division 2 fluorescent light is a low cost option for low vibration, hazardous area environments," said Rob Bresnahan with Larson Electronics' Magnalight.com. "We recently completed the first phase of a refinery construction project with these HALP-48-2L-LED and the customer has signed off on a complete replacement of all the fluorescent lights on the facility due to their performance over the last 6 months."
Larson Electronics' Magnalight produces a wide range of intrinsically safe LED lights, explosion proof LED work lights, portable LED light towers, explosion proof flashlights and LED trouble lights. The entire Magnalight line of explosion proof lighting can be viewed by visiting Magnalight.com. You can also call 1-800-369-6671 to learn more about all of Magnalight lighting products and their ability to provide custom ordering options. For international inquires call 1-214-616-6180 for more details.
LED replacement for strip lights
Cornwall-based OMC has announced a range of multi-angle LED light tubes which can be used to replace traditional light sources.
The 24V fixtures consume 2.9W per 30cm of tube and are dimmable using the firm's range of controllers.
Mounting is by screws to the installation surface using the range of multi-angle brackets provided.
"The adjustable mounting brackets allow the light to be directed to where it is needed," said the firm.
They are available in lengths from 30cm to 150cm, and commercial and industrial applications are expected, including: food cabinets, vending machines, CNC machines, vehicles, point of sale, and refrigerators.
2012年8月23日星期四
How to Find the Right HID Xenon Lamps
HID xenon Lamps are able to work for 3000 hours. When it is time to replace these bulbs, drivers will have to examine the many varieties of xenon bulbs for sale.
The price and selection of replacement xenon bulbs also varies quite considerably depending on where you buy them from, be it the a main dealer, a high street accessory shop or an internet specialist.
HID Xenon Lamps - Choosing the right colour
When buying new xenon bulbs you may have noticed that they have different colour temperatures listed next them, for example 6000k, 8000k or even 140000k. The K stands for Kelvin and it is the unit used to measure the colour emitted by xenon bulbs.
Often for those who have never used this type of bulb it can be confusing to understand what the different ratings mean. Commonly it is thought that 14000K or the other choices mean the heat which is emitted by the HID Xenon Bulb rather than the colour. The 14000K bulb is not going to be hotter than the 6000K bulb.
Colour temperature is rated from 4000K to 14000K. The colours the bulbs will be are listed below, since each bulb will have a different colour.
* 4000k - white light with a yellow tint
* 6000k - Completely white
* 8000k - white light with a blue tint
* 12000k - Mild purple in the white light
Unfortunately buying xenon bulbs on the basis of colour is not straight forward, as the higher the colour temperature of a xenon bulb the less light it will actually emit from your headlights. This effect is barely noticeable for bulbs in the 4000k to 8000k level however at bulbs rated at 12000k and higher the drop off in terms of light emitted is quite marked.
The light output is measured in lumens (lm). A new vehicle will have xenon bulbs rated at 4300K with a light output of 3200lm. 12000K bulbs have 2,200lm, which is 1,000lm less light being provided. If you do want a deep purple bulb to enhance the look of your vehicle you have to be concerned with the light emission you receive.
Buying HID xenon bulbs can be quite expensive unless you shop around. With the amount of online car bulb shops you are able to find a significantly lower cost for light bulbs than before.
For instance, if you purchase the E1 approved bulb such as the Orsam Xenarc you might find the cost is 200 from a manufacturer. The same bulb could be found online for 70 as the internet site is normally a specialist in car bulb replacement.
HID xenon bulb replacement can be difficult for someone who is not used to the system operation. There are high voltages behind the connector. It is best to seek a professional mechanic with electric qualifications to avoid the potential shock, which could blow the new light bulb you are trying to install.
If you are looking to change your Headlight Bulbs then the different choices and types available can be quite daunting. However, buying the right set of Xenon Bulbs that are suited to your car will make driving in the dark safer, enjoyable and less stressful.
LED Solar Street Light Projects
LED Street lighting is a fresh new alternative to traditional street lamps such as LPS, HPS, or MH street lights. LED lighting provides a multitude of advantages over conventional incandescent light: LED street lights are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, and cost-effective. This smart, "green" option for outdoor lighting has emerged on the green scene due to the recent technological advancements of LED illumination.
But more "greener" option for you is Solar street lighting by recycled green energy lighting system. They are of energy saving and environmental friendly, which can be used for residential, road, park and so on. High quality solar panel absorbs sunlight and convert into electricity energy, then charges maintenance-free battery and finally LED street lights automatically when day off, auto-off when day break.
The working method of solar street lights is: solar panel absorbs sunlight and converts it to electricity to drive 60W LED Street light.
The whole system is mainly composed by:
60W LED street lighting, solar panel, lead acid battery and solar street lighting controller, pole (suggest 6-8m height).
Because of different weather condition in different country and different requirements from different market, so the specification of each part of the whole solar street lighting system, especially solar panel and battery, are depending on following factors:
? Average local daily sunshine hours.
? Working times of the system per night.
? Backup days of the solar system during rainy days.
Advantages of LED Solar Street Lighting Projects
1). Lower power consumption
2). Higher power, higher intensity
3). Save all your electricity cost. Save electric transformer and cable cost. Free maintenance
4). Environmental Impact - Eliminate Hazardous Disposal
5). Longer lifetime: Lifespan of solar panel is 20-25 years. Lifespan of LED street lighting is 6-8 years. Lifespan of battery is 4-6 years.
2012年8月22日星期三
How To Decorate With LED Tube Lights
LED tube lights have quickly become a very popular way of decorating a room, outdoor living space, RV, and business. There are plenty of different reasons for this. The main reason being that they use much less energy than traditional light bulbs. Following that reason is the fact that these tube lights can be purchased in many different colors and lengths.
These LED tube lights are also flexible so that they can be configured into many different shapes and wrap around corners. This means that the decorating possibilities are almost endless with these LED lights. For anyone who is looking for a great way to add a splash of color, a sense of style, and are able to do it quickly and easily, here are some ideas in helping you use these LED lights.
One thing to keep in mind when working with LED tube lights is that they must be hung with small clips that are screwed to the wall. Before you begin to drape the lights along your wall, your counter, your awning, or wherever else you want to place them, make sure to plan out where he hooks will go.
People routinely use the LED tube lights as an outline for something larger, or they want to draw attention to. This means that the tube lights will be fashioned to look like a circle, square, or some other shape. To do this, you only need to set the hooks in the outline of the shape you want.
LED tube lights also need to be near an outlet for power. When decorating keep in mind that there will a cord that either needs to be hidden, or kept close to an outlet. You can hide these easily by running them along the baseboard or using a plastic conduit.
LED lights can be somewhat bright when there are a lot of of them being used. A tube light, or a 'rope light' contains several feet of LED lights can create an atmosphere where it is too bright to sleep. When using this type of decoration, you will also want a way to unplug them or turn them off. It is not a good idea to put the plug behind heavy furniture in the attempt to hide it. If in the bedroom, you may regret that decision as you pull out the dresser in the middle of the night so you can sleep.
2012年8月14日星期二
Factory to produce innovative composite materials opens in Yakutia
The factory of innovative composite materials based on continuous basalt fiber opened in Pokrovsk, the administrative center of the Khangalassky district of ??Yakutia. In accordance with "Basalt - New Technologies" project, the factory will produce four types of products using nanotechnologies.
It goes about basalt-concrete constructions for industrial and civil construction, basalt-plastic building bars and the mesh for reinforcement of roadway. The continuous basalt fiber will also be produced: the fiber is the feedstock for the production of many composite materials. Common rocks of magmatic origin are used as the main raw material for basalt fiber.
Composite products based on basalt possess high corrosion and chemical resistance. They retain their strength at low temperatures and hold heat very well. This makes them indispensable in road and housing construction in the Far North, under permafrost conditions, where conventional materials can not withstand extreme seasonal changes in temperature, reaching 100 degrees in Yakutia.
The Innovative technologies that are used at the new factory were developed together with experts of RUSNANO. According to company director Yegor Zhirkov, the products on the basis of continuous basalt fiber can be used in the automotive, oil and gas industry, agriculture and many other industries. For Yakutia, it is most important to obtain the materials needed for construction. This will greatly reduce the cost of purchase and delivery of expensive steel reinforcement bars, reinforced concrete and other building materials that are delivered from outside the republic.
The project will create more than 260 additional jobs in the Khangalassky region of the republic. Yearly tax revenues from the new production in the budget of Yakutia are expected to amount to 430 million rubles.
Related products recommended:
What is Metal Stamping?
Metal stamping is the process of cutting and shaping metal alloys into specific forms, especially to be used as components for large machinery or structures. Metal sheets can be molded into different pre-determined shapes for use as regular products like pans and cans. The most common alloys that are used in metal stamping are steel, zinc, nickel, aluminum and titanium. Metal stamping is a very cost-effective and productive way of producing many kinds of metal products on a large scale.
In metal stamping, the metal sheets are placed in a die or a press tool that has a specially designed cavity that gives the preferred shape to the metal sheet. The upper part of the die connects to the press slide while the lower component connects to the press bed. A specific component known as the punch pushes the metal sheet through the die, thus performing the actual shaping operation. After pressing, the metal is plated with gold, palladium, nickel or tin to prevent corrosion.
Plating also increases the wearability and solderable nature of the product. Sometimes, the sheet is also pre-plated before the stamping process, and then the product is cleaned to remove excess metal stamping oils and films. The product is then heat treated to make it stronger since it is still in the soft state after stamping. The product is then subjected to the deburring process for removing the sharp corners. This is done by using chemicals or abrasives. Metal stamping also involves other metalworking processes like piercing, blanking, forming and drawing on the same machines.
Stamping presses have specific force, speed and precision for giving a specific shape to the metal. There are two types of metal stamping presses: Mechanical and hydraulic. These are available in an extensive range of capacities, sizes, stroke lengths and operating speeds.
Metal stamping is slowly replacing other metal forming processes like die casting, forging, fabricating and machining. One reason for this is the very low costs involved in metal stamping. The dies used for metal stamping cost less than those used in forging and casting. Also, the metals used in metal stamping can be harder than those used in other processes, thus making the end product stronger. The cost of the secondary processes, like cleaning and plating are also considerably reduced.
Moreover, there are certain products that have to be produced only through metal stamping: Base weights, brackets, balance clamps, brake flanges, conveyor flights, bushing seats, engine bases, flywheel shrouds and friction plates. There are also different kinds of metal stamping including: Deep drawn stamping, electronic stamping, Fourslide stamping, medical stamping, progressive die stamping and short run stamping. The most commonly used type is the progressive die drawing wherein a metal sheet is drawn through a series of dies and stamping is done by all the dies simultaneously, thus considerably reducing the time it takes.
Metal Stamping Info provides detailed information about precision, custom, and sheet metal stamping, as well as metal stamping machines and metal stamping die. Metal Stamping Info is the sister site of www.gaogelmetal.net.
2012年8月9日星期四
A Review of the Collecta Miragaia Dinosaur Model
The Collecta Miragaia Dinosaur Model Reviewed
Fossils of European Stegosaurs are very rare. What fossil material that has been excavated provides evidence of a number of Stegosaur genera from the Jurassic, but most of the specimens are incomplete and highly fragmented. Little is known about the evolution of the Thyreophora (armoured dinosaurs) in Europe. However, over the last few years a number of better preserved and more complete Stegosaur fossils have been discovered in western Portugal. One of these recent fossil discoveries, that of a dinosaur that came to be known as Miragaia has inspired Collecta to make a replica of this armoured dinosaur.
Little is Known about European Stegosaurs
In contrast to most other European Stegosaur remains, much of the front part of the skeleton of this Late Jurassic Stegosaur is known. Paleontologists have excavated at least two specimens, one adult, one sub-adult from the same dig site in Upper Jurassic strata attributed to the Lourinha Formation of western Portugal. Elements of the skull have been discovered and from this scientists have been able to reconstruct this dinosaur. Collecta, the dinosaur model makers, have used the scientific data to produce a colourful, not-to-scale dinosaur model of this Portuguese herbivore.
The First Stegosaur Skull Discovered in Europe
Skull material includes the premaxilla, maxilla and the naris post elements that comprise the back of the skull. Post cranial material comprises of shoulder bones, most of the front legs, neck bones and a number of armoured plates. Miragaia seems to have had a remarkably long neck for a Stegosaur. It had an estimated fifteen cervical vertebrae (neck bones), more than long-necked Sauropods such as Diplodocus and Apatosaurus.
The Miragaia Dinosaur Model
The Miragaia model from Collecta shows this long neck in fine detail. In fact the head and the neck make up about twenty-five percent of the length of the entire model. Scientists have debated how flexible the neck of Miragaia was, ironically the plastic compound used to make this replica has left the model with a rather bendy neck, but this does not detract from the overall quality of the model.
The head is narrow and the front legs are smaller than the hind legs, a trait seen in most other Stegosaur genera. The model has been painted light brown, with a red flash on the throat pouch. The armour plating and the tail spikes are painted in a dark green colour, mimicking the colouration of the top of the spine and down to the tail. The model has two shoulder spikes, these are large, more than two centimetres in length and painted bright red.
Armour Embedded into the Skin
The Miragaia dinosaur model has been given a rough skin texture, to give the impression that this dinosaur had large scales, with some dermal armour embedded along the flanks. Scientists are not sure what the tail of this dinosaur was like. There have been no fossils of the back-end of Miragaia found. The model makers at Collecta have given their replica a row of spines running back from over the hips to the tip of the tail.
The model's overall length is nineteen centimetres approximately,and it is a welcome addition to the Collecta model range, one that will no doubt delight fans of Stegosaurs.
Everything Dinosaur is run by parents, teachers and real dinosaur experts. Visit our website www.everythingdinosaur.com to view the very latest dinosaur and prehistoric animal models.
To learn more about the products and services we offer at Everything Dinosaur visit www.gengudino.com
Fossils of European Stegosaurs are very rare. What fossil material that has been excavated provides evidence of a number of Stegosaur genera from the Jurassic, but most of the specimens are incomplete and highly fragmented. Little is known about the evolution of the Thyreophora (armoured dinosaurs) in Europe. However, over the last few years a number of better preserved and more complete Stegosaur fossils have been discovered in western Portugal. One of these recent fossil discoveries, that of a dinosaur that came to be known as Miragaia has inspired Collecta to make a replica of this armoured dinosaur.
Little is Known about European Stegosaurs
In contrast to most other European Stegosaur remains, much of the front part of the skeleton of this Late Jurassic Stegosaur is known. Paleontologists have excavated at least two specimens, one adult, one sub-adult from the same dig site in Upper Jurassic strata attributed to the Lourinha Formation of western Portugal. Elements of the skull have been discovered and from this scientists have been able to reconstruct this dinosaur. Collecta, the dinosaur model makers, have used the scientific data to produce a colourful, not-to-scale dinosaur model of this Portuguese herbivore.
The First Stegosaur Skull Discovered in Europe
Skull material includes the premaxilla, maxilla and the naris post elements that comprise the back of the skull. Post cranial material comprises of shoulder bones, most of the front legs, neck bones and a number of armoured plates. Miragaia seems to have had a remarkably long neck for a Stegosaur. It had an estimated fifteen cervical vertebrae (neck bones), more than long-necked Sauropods such as Diplodocus and Apatosaurus.
The Miragaia Dinosaur Model
The Miragaia model from Collecta shows this long neck in fine detail. In fact the head and the neck make up about twenty-five percent of the length of the entire model. Scientists have debated how flexible the neck of Miragaia was, ironically the plastic compound used to make this replica has left the model with a rather bendy neck, but this does not detract from the overall quality of the model.
The head is narrow and the front legs are smaller than the hind legs, a trait seen in most other Stegosaur genera. The model has been painted light brown, with a red flash on the throat pouch. The armour plating and the tail spikes are painted in a dark green colour, mimicking the colouration of the top of the spine and down to the tail. The model has two shoulder spikes, these are large, more than two centimetres in length and painted bright red.
Armour Embedded into the Skin
The Miragaia dinosaur model has been given a rough skin texture, to give the impression that this dinosaur had large scales, with some dermal armour embedded along the flanks. Scientists are not sure what the tail of this dinosaur was like. There have been no fossils of the back-end of Miragaia found. The model makers at Collecta have given their replica a row of spines running back from over the hips to the tip of the tail.
The model's overall length is nineteen centimetres approximately,and it is a welcome addition to the Collecta model range, one that will no doubt delight fans of Stegosaurs.
Everything Dinosaur is run by parents, teachers and real dinosaur experts. Visit our website www.everythingdinosaur.com to view the very latest dinosaur and prehistoric animal models.
To learn more about the products and services we offer at Everything Dinosaur visit www.gengudino.com
How Does a Vacuum Packing Machine Preserve Your Food?
Vacuum packing machine is a humble machine that needs a place in your
kitchen if you are frequently finding yourself storing foods and
worrying about the food getting spoiled. Both dry and moist foods can be
stored by removing air and sealing. This kind of package is commonly
found in store bought goods that you buy in bags. Vacuum storage was
once commercial, but now it has become more affordable with small handy
machines that can be used in any home. It doesn't need large counter
space and hence storing and handling such devices is quite simple.
Before buying out a vacuum sealing device for yourself, it is better to gain an understanding about how such a device works. The device works by sucking air around the food which is responsible for mold and bacteria to develop. Any living organism needs air to breathe and when air is removed around the food, no tiny organism can live and hence, your food will be free from harmful mold and bacteria. Further, oxidization and other such processes which make the foods go stale occur only when the food items react with air. When there is no air to react, such processes won't spoil your food and hence, the shelf life of the food you store can be greatly increased.
After sealing the food using vacuum food sealer, you need to store them in refrigerator or freezer, otherwise, the food will be spoiled easily. Investing in such a device is quite a reasonable spending because you often end up storing foods and hoping the food to stay fresh. Using such packing technique, moisture in the food can be retained by limiting the amount of air inside the bag. Also, crunchy foods can be stored for several days using this sealing technique and every bite you take will be fresh as new.
Jared Mason talks about food safety using commercial vacuum sealers. Learn more healthful tips on CommercialVacuumSealer.org
Related enterprises recommended:
Company name：Wenzhou Youlian Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.
Contact us：Phone: 86-577-86139198
Fax:86-577-86137798
Web site：http://www.packingmachine.net/
The main products：Linear Filling Machine,Automatic Paste Labeling Machines,Horizontal Packaging Machine,High Speed Capping Machine,
Before buying out a vacuum sealing device for yourself, it is better to gain an understanding about how such a device works. The device works by sucking air around the food which is responsible for mold and bacteria to develop. Any living organism needs air to breathe and when air is removed around the food, no tiny organism can live and hence, your food will be free from harmful mold and bacteria. Further, oxidization and other such processes which make the foods go stale occur only when the food items react with air. When there is no air to react, such processes won't spoil your food and hence, the shelf life of the food you store can be greatly increased.
After sealing the food using vacuum food sealer, you need to store them in refrigerator or freezer, otherwise, the food will be spoiled easily. Investing in such a device is quite a reasonable spending because you often end up storing foods and hoping the food to stay fresh. Using such packing technique, moisture in the food can be retained by limiting the amount of air inside the bag. Also, crunchy foods can be stored for several days using this sealing technique and every bite you take will be fresh as new.
Jared Mason talks about food safety using commercial vacuum sealers. Learn more healthful tips on CommercialVacuumSealer.org
Related enterprises recommended:
Company name：Wenzhou Youlian Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.
Contact us：Phone: 86-577-86139198
Fax:86-577-86137798
Web site：http://www.packingmachine.net/
The main products：Linear Filling Machine,Automatic Paste Labeling Machines,Horizontal Packaging Machine,High Speed Capping Machine,
2012年8月7日星期二
LED Lighting for Your Car
Utilizing LED lighting for
your car would actually help you especially at night. You only need to
install the lights in order to let other motorists to see you. Usually,
the lights change its color brought about by the LEDs or Light Emitting
Diodes. LEDs would also help you see during the night if you are
planning to travel. You can use them as light strips on the side of your
car, on top of the hood of your car or on the windshield. You can also
use the LEDS as a stylish way to increase the illumination on the back
of your vehicle. You can place it as a third tail light near the bumper.
The LED lights can be attached near the bottom in the back of your car
in order for it to become unparalleled lights when other motorists are
behind your vehicle.
Aside from using it during the night, utilizing led lighting for your car during the day is also a great idea. Most of the time, there would be problems in the road such as sudden breaks especially during traffic. Since the LED lights are hard to miss, motorists would be able to see the light easily. The advantage of the LEDs compared with other types of lighting is that they shine brighter and they light up faster than other bulbs. This makes them easier to spot especially during the morning. LEDs are also better than light bulbs and other type of lighting since they are fairly strong. They can take abuse from the ever-changing weather and even hitting. Their solid state casing in the LEDS are strong enough that it makes the lights shock proof and they would not be damaged even when dropped.
The use of Neon lights in led lighting for your car is also effective. Neon illuminating is cheap and it does not cause any hassle when it comes to other exterior parts of the car. Such forms of illumination are effective in the cars underbody and in the backside. The lights would actually turn on in the underbody of the car when the car passes the street. Aside from that, neon lighting can be used in the interior. The shift knobs can be designed with lighting strips. The neon can also be used as a customizer, making your plate number look more colorful. Lastly, the neon can be used in washers and in the backseat.
For LED barricade lights and LED lights for construction and industrial purposes, visit Brandon's Safety Lights.
Aside from using it during the night, utilizing led lighting for your car during the day is also a great idea. Most of the time, there would be problems in the road such as sudden breaks especially during traffic. Since the LED lights are hard to miss, motorists would be able to see the light easily. The advantage of the LEDs compared with other types of lighting is that they shine brighter and they light up faster than other bulbs. This makes them easier to spot especially during the morning. LEDs are also better than light bulbs and other type of lighting since they are fairly strong. They can take abuse from the ever-changing weather and even hitting. Their solid state casing in the LEDS are strong enough that it makes the lights shock proof and they would not be damaged even when dropped.
The use of Neon lights in led lighting for your car is also effective. Neon illuminating is cheap and it does not cause any hassle when it comes to other exterior parts of the car. Such forms of illumination are effective in the cars underbody and in the backside. The lights would actually turn on in the underbody of the car when the car passes the street. Aside from that, neon lighting can be used in the interior. The shift knobs can be designed with lighting strips. The neon can also be used as a customizer, making your plate number look more colorful. Lastly, the neon can be used in washers and in the backseat.
For LED barricade lights and LED lights for construction and industrial purposes, visit Brandon's Safety Lights.
How to Choose a Good Shower Panel
If you have the budget available, an excellent choice for a shower wall panel is one created by Platino. Made from stainless steel, you will love your taking showers (panel system responsible of course). So what is so great about the Platino system? Well, for one, it outputs water through four different mechanisms. The main showerhead outputs a relaxing waterfall great for days where you want to wash away.
It also features a hand held showerhead that enables you to clean the places of your body difficult to reach with the main showerhead. At the bottom of the shower panel, it has four jets of water for a soothing massage effect as well as a spout for filling up the tub. At $600, this system can be bit expensive. However, according to the reviews, it is well worth it.
To learn more about buying shower wall panels, you can check various resources online and locally. Great places to check for more information include Lowe's and Home Depot. In addition, of course, if you do not want to leave the comforts of your home, there are plenty of resources on the internet to look through.
2012年8月2日星期四
What Is an Oat Crusher?
Oats often require grinding and crushing before they can be implemented
as ingredients. This process occurs using oat crushers of various sizes.
An oat crusher can turn grains into a fine powder. This powder is then
sold to food manufacturers.
Function
Oat crushers grind and crush oats into a powder for cooking and baking purposes. Oat crushers may also be used to grind other grains, such as wheat and barley.
Types
There are many types of oat crushers, including those that are hand turned, automatic and windmill powered.
Antique
Antique oat crushers -- those which have been around for a hundred years or more -- have become prized collector's items.
view their website for more information :
Company name：Lipu Heavy Industry Co., Ltd.
Contact us：Phone: 86-21-68798918
Fax: 86-21-68798919
Web site：http://www.mobilecrusher-china.com/
The main products：Granite Crushing Machines,Granite Crushing Screening Plant,Stone Mobile Crushing Plants,Ore Crushing Plant
Function
Oat crushers grind and crush oats into a powder for cooking and baking purposes. Oat crushers may also be used to grind other grains, such as wheat and barley.
Types
There are many types of oat crushers, including those that are hand turned, automatic and windmill powered.
Antique
Antique oat crushers -- those which have been around for a hundred years or more -- have become prized collector's items.
view their website for more information :
Company name：Lipu Heavy Industry Co., Ltd.
Contact us：Phone: 86-21-68798918
Fax: 86-21-68798919
Web site：http://www.mobilecrusher-china.com/
The main products：Granite Crushing Machines,Granite Crushing Screening Plant,Stone Mobile Crushing Plants,Ore Crushing Plant
2012年5月4日星期五
Jesse Csincsak on The Bachelorette Casting Process
On April 18, two Nashville residents filed a class action lawsuit
against ABC and producer Mike Fleiss, alleging purposeful discrimination
against minorities when casting leads for popular reality shows The
Bachelor and The Bachelorette. In a statement, ABC calls the suit
“baseless.” Speaking exclusively with Wetpaint Entertainment,
Bachelorette alum Jesse Csincsak sheds light on what he saw from inside
the ABC casting machine — and candidly explains why he agrees with the plaintiffs.
Jesse, who got engaged to DeAnna Pappas on Season 4 of The Bachelorette, flew out to Los Angeles on ABC’s dime, he says, to be interviewed by a third party casting agency. “The way it works,” Jesse says, “is ABC outsources all casting to a third party agency who calls you in and basically showcases you in front of a room of people.” Most guys are asked to take their shirts off during the final casting call, Jesse explains.
Jesse’s theory is that show execs cast for a variety of roles each season, depending on the personality of the lead Bachelor or Bachelorette. “They have a cast of roles that they fill, they want the good guy, the preacher’s son, the guy you want to punch in the face,” Jesse explains, adding he was the latter. His ex-fiancee, DeAnna Pappas, has also alluded to producers’ influence over the story arc, admitting in a previous interview that she felt she “let producers guide [her] heart.”
Jesse, for his part, says he continues to be negatively affected by how he was portrayed on The Bachelorette. “What they don’t tell you is, three years from now, you’re not going to be able to get a job, and your parents will get handwritten hate mail.” While he agrees with the plaintiffs of the suit’s allegations of discrimination, Jesse urges potential contestants to think about the reverberating effects of appearing on reality television. “This will affect your life for years to come. They turn your relationship into a business. The whole thing is sort of discriminating.”
Related enterprises recommended:
Company name：Jiaxing Jiecheng Machinery Co., Ltd
Contact us：Phone: 86-573-83679559
Fax:86-573-83679836
Web site：http://www.jiechengmachine.com/
The main products： Copper Rod Continuous Casting Machine , Copper Wire Big Drawing Machine
Jesse, who got engaged to DeAnna Pappas on Season 4 of The Bachelorette, flew out to Los Angeles on ABC’s dime, he says, to be interviewed by a third party casting agency. “The way it works,” Jesse says, “is ABC outsources all casting to a third party agency who calls you in and basically showcases you in front of a room of people.” Most guys are asked to take their shirts off during the final casting call, Jesse explains.
Jesse’s theory is that show execs cast for a variety of roles each season, depending on the personality of the lead Bachelor or Bachelorette. “They have a cast of roles that they fill, they want the good guy, the preacher’s son, the guy you want to punch in the face,” Jesse explains, adding he was the latter. His ex-fiancee, DeAnna Pappas, has also alluded to producers’ influence over the story arc, admitting in a previous interview that she felt she “let producers guide [her] heart.”
Jesse, for his part, says he continues to be negatively affected by how he was portrayed on The Bachelorette. “What they don’t tell you is, three years from now, you’re not going to be able to get a job, and your parents will get handwritten hate mail.” While he agrees with the plaintiffs of the suit’s allegations of discrimination, Jesse urges potential contestants to think about the reverberating effects of appearing on reality television. “This will affect your life for years to come. They turn your relationship into a business. The whole thing is sort of discriminating.”
Related enterprises recommended:
Company name：Jiaxing Jiecheng Machinery Co., Ltd
Contact us：Phone: 86-573-83679559
Fax:86-573-83679836
Web site：http://www.jiechengmachine.com/
The main products： Copper Rod Continuous Casting Machine , Copper Wire Big Drawing Machine
Inline Filling Systems Offers Filling Machine
Inline Filling Systems recently introduced new time gravity filling machines designed to be the most affordable filling machine
for a wide array of filling applications. The time gravity filling
machines work best with non-foaming thin liquids and chemicals.
”We’re proud to launch the new time gravity filling machines,” said Sam Lubus, President of Inline Filling Systems. “These machines are economically priced and will provide users with effective filling options for a variety of applications.”
Time Gravity Filling Machines are effective for many liquids including solvents, water, alcohol, paint, specialty chemicals, inks, acids and bleach. In addition, Inline Filling Systems new gravity filling machines can be fitted with a variety of valve selections, which can be used for both chemical and food grade applications. Time gravity filling machines can also be configured with a variety of nozzle tips and tank options, customized ideally to fit your specific application needs.
Semi-automatic production, intermediate automatic production, and high performance automatic production models are available. Each model of time gravity filling machine features a different rate of daily production. The semi-automatic production filling machine is the most cost-efficient option, equipped with an electronic filling sequence controlled entirely by the filling machine. Intermediate automatic production filling machines provide excellent output and enhanced ability. High performance auto production fillers are capable of filling over 10,000 bottles per day and sustain high speed operation throughout control.
Each time gravity filling machine includes a 30 day performance guarantee and a 5 year limited warranty. If Inline Filling Systems does not meet expectations, a full refund of the purchase price is available upon return of the equipment.
About Inline Filling Systems
Inline Filling Systems designs complete, bottling equipment systems and manufactures a full line of standard and customized liquid filling machines as well as capping machines. The company ships systems worldwide from its manufacturing operation in Venice, Florida.
”We’re proud to launch the new time gravity filling machines,” said Sam Lubus, President of Inline Filling Systems. “These machines are economically priced and will provide users with effective filling options for a variety of applications.”
Time Gravity Filling Machines are effective for many liquids including solvents, water, alcohol, paint, specialty chemicals, inks, acids and bleach. In addition, Inline Filling Systems new gravity filling machines can be fitted with a variety of valve selections, which can be used for both chemical and food grade applications. Time gravity filling machines can also be configured with a variety of nozzle tips and tank options, customized ideally to fit your specific application needs.
Semi-automatic production, intermediate automatic production, and high performance automatic production models are available. Each model of time gravity filling machine features a different rate of daily production. The semi-automatic production filling machine is the most cost-efficient option, equipped with an electronic filling sequence controlled entirely by the filling machine. Intermediate automatic production filling machines provide excellent output and enhanced ability. High performance auto production fillers are capable of filling over 10,000 bottles per day and sustain high speed operation throughout control.
Each time gravity filling machine includes a 30 day performance guarantee and a 5 year limited warranty. If Inline Filling Systems does not meet expectations, a full refund of the purchase price is available upon return of the equipment.
About Inline Filling Systems
Inline Filling Systems designs complete, bottling equipment systems and manufactures a full line of standard and customized liquid filling machines as well as capping machines. The company ships systems worldwide from its manufacturing operation in Venice, Florida.
How to Build Your Own LED Light Panel
An LED (Light Emitting Diode) light panel is a square (although it can
be other shapes), flat panel that has LED lights covering one side. LED
lights are durable, produce little heat and consume a small amount of
electricity. LEDs also come in a variety of colors. LED panels
may have many different colors to create an interesting effect.
Constructing an LED light panel is quite simple, as most of the
components can be purchased already assembled.
1 Determine the size of your LED light panel. A 1 foot-by-1 foot light panel should produce plenty of light. Locate or construct a wooden panel of that size. The wood panel should ideally be 1/2-inch thick and should not be more than 1 inch thick.
2 Paint the wooden panel. This step is optional, as the front of the LED light panel will be covered in LED light strips. Wait for the paint to dry.
3 Purchase LED light strips. LED light strips are a number of LED lights all grouped together in a strip. Purchase strips that are roughly the length of the wooden panel. A strip will ideally run from one end of the panel to the other. Purchase enough strips to cover the entire panel. If the strips are too long, they can be cut to suit the length of the panel; this will not impact the functioning of the remaining strips as long as the power cord (to the control unit) is in tact. An alternative is to purchase the strips first and then fashion the panel to fit the strips.
4 Apply super glue to the back of the LED light strips and lay them in rows along the wooden board. Once they are all laid out they should cover the board completely. Ensure that the wires coming from the end of each LED strip are all on the same side.
5 Connect the wires from the LED light strips to the LED control unit. The LED light strip wires should pop right into the control unit. The LED control unit is a hub for all the LED light strips' wires. It manages all the connections of the LED power wires and has a number of ports for them. The control unit will either run on batteries or be plugged into an outlet. It does not come with the strips but can be purchased at any store that sells LED light strips.
6 Super glue the control unit to the back of the LED light panel or mount it separately. Plug in or insert batteries into the LED control unit (depending on the model). Turn it on and test out the LED panel light.
1 Determine the size of your LED light panel. A 1 foot-by-1 foot light panel should produce plenty of light. Locate or construct a wooden panel of that size. The wood panel should ideally be 1/2-inch thick and should not be more than 1 inch thick.
2 Paint the wooden panel. This step is optional, as the front of the LED light panel will be covered in LED light strips. Wait for the paint to dry.
3 Purchase LED light strips. LED light strips are a number of LED lights all grouped together in a strip. Purchase strips that are roughly the length of the wooden panel. A strip will ideally run from one end of the panel to the other. Purchase enough strips to cover the entire panel. If the strips are too long, they can be cut to suit the length of the panel; this will not impact the functioning of the remaining strips as long as the power cord (to the control unit) is in tact. An alternative is to purchase the strips first and then fashion the panel to fit the strips.
4 Apply super glue to the back of the LED light strips and lay them in rows along the wooden board. Once they are all laid out they should cover the board completely. Ensure that the wires coming from the end of each LED strip are all on the same side.
5 Connect the wires from the LED light strips to the LED control unit. The LED light strip wires should pop right into the control unit. The LED control unit is a hub for all the LED light strips' wires. It manages all the connections of the LED power wires and has a number of ports for them. The control unit will either run on batteries or be plugged into an outlet. It does not come with the strips but can be purchased at any store that sells LED light strips.
6 Super glue the control unit to the back of the LED light panel or mount it separately. Plug in or insert batteries into the LED control unit (depending on the model). Turn it on and test out the LED panel light.
2012年4月19日星期四
How to Use a 555 Timer As a Voltage-to-Frequency Converter
The 555 timer integrated circuit (IC) is a versatile oscillator and general-purpose pulse source. Its dedicated control voltage input lets you use the 555 as a voltage-to-frequency converter. In this application, you configure the 555 as an oscillator (astable mode) and vary a voltage at the control input. This will change the frequency by +/- 25 percent around a center frequency ranging from minutes per cycle to 500 kilohertz. The 555 has good linearity of frequency control in this range.
1
Examine the 555's data sheet. In particular, look for application circuits that use the 555 as a free-running oscillator.
2
Determine the starting or nominal frequency at which you want the 555 to run. This is the frequency the 555 will produce with no control voltage. Frequency is determined by a timing network of two resistors and a capacitor.
You can calculate the frequency by the following formula:
f = 1.44 / (Ra + 2Rb) * C
Where f is the frequency converter in cycles per second, Ra and Rb are the ohm values of the two resistors in the timing network, and C is the timing capacitor value in farads.
3
Build a 555-based oscillator on the breadboard using the timing network calculated in step 2 and powered by the 10-volt DC supply. Use the application notes as a guide for connecting external parts and power to the 555. Connect a frequency counter's signal ground to the 555's power supply ground and the counter's signal input to the 555's output at pin 3. With the 555 circuit powered on, the counter should display a steady frequency.
4
Connect the variable DC supply's ground to the 10V supply ground. Set the variable supply to 5 volts and connect it to pin 5 of the 555. On the frequency counter, observe the effect varying the voltage between 5 and 9 volts has on the 555's frequency.
1
Examine the 555's data sheet. In particular, look for application circuits that use the 555 as a free-running oscillator.
2
Determine the starting or nominal frequency at which you want the 555 to run. This is the frequency the 555 will produce with no control voltage. Frequency is determined by a timing network of two resistors and a capacitor.
You can calculate the frequency by the following formula:
f = 1.44 / (Ra + 2Rb) * C
Where f is the frequency converter in cycles per second, Ra and Rb are the ohm values of the two resistors in the timing network, and C is the timing capacitor value in farads.
3
Build a 555-based oscillator on the breadboard using the timing network calculated in step 2 and powered by the 10-volt DC supply. Use the application notes as a guide for connecting external parts and power to the 555. Connect a frequency counter's signal ground to the 555's power supply ground and the counter's signal input to the 555's output at pin 3. With the 555 circuit powered on, the counter should display a steady frequency.
4
Connect the variable DC supply's ground to the 10V supply ground. Set the variable supply to 5 volts and connect it to pin 5 of the 555. On the frequency counter, observe the effect varying the voltage between 5 and 9 volts has on the 555's frequency.
Lighting Science Group
SATELLITE BEACH, Fla., April 17, 2012 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ -- Lighting Science Group LSCG +2.86% , the world's premier LED lighting manufacturer, announced today the production launch of a revolutionary high output 8-watt LED MR16 bulb that is a direct replacement for traditional MR16 50-watt Halogen bulbs. Suited to a variety of applications that require directional lighting--such as track lighting, recessed ceiling lights, desk lamps, pendant fixtures and retail display lighting--the DEFINITY(TM) MR16 HO LED bulb will be the first of its kind introduced to the marketplace, and considered the best of its breed when evaluated by metrics of efficiency, lumen output and form factor.
The degree of difficulty involved in managing the MR16's d6iscreet size and internal power supply and the intense requirements for brightness of a 50-watt equivalent renders its design and manufacture a complex challenge. Competitive attempts at reaching these high levels of performance have resulted in concessions that have been viewed as unacceptable to the market. No such sacrifice is required with the Definity MR16 HO Series.
At only 8 watts and a 25,000 hour life rating, Lighting Science Group's new DEFINITY(TM) MR16 HO LED light is up to 33% more efficient than competitive products while staying within the industry accepted form factor and not using any moving parts like fans to achieve its superior performance. "A commitment to superior technology underwrites all Lighting Science Group operations; that's why our customers can rest assured that they're offered the most advanced and widest selection of LED lighting products," said Jim Haworth, chairman and chief executive officer of the Company. "We believe that our new MR16 HO, which couples unparalleled efficiency and incredible performance, is a significant advancement in the science of light and another step forward in the development of a more efficient, sustainable and brighter energy future."
The new bulb joins the Company's suite of products that have found applications ranging from use in NASA outer space ventures; to artistic designs that span skyscraper silhouettes; to everyday, practical implementations for American homes and businesses that save families and business owners significant amounts of money on electricity bills. On the global stage, Lighting Science Group has become synonymous with the ultra-efficient lighting revolution, and at home the Company is most commonly viewed as the fulfillment of America's clean technology promise.
To find your nearest sales location for Lighting Science Group's DEFINITY(TM) bulbs, visit: www.lsgc.com .
About Lighting Science Group Lighting Science Group Corporation LSCG +2.86% designs, develops, manufactures and markets LED lighting solutions that are environmentally friendlier and more energy efficient than traditional lighting products. Lighting Science Group offers retrofit LED lamps in form factors that match those of traditional lamps or bulbs and LED luminaires designed for a range of applications including public and private infrastructure for both indoor and outdoor use. Lighting Science Group's Advanced Projects Group business unit designs, develops and manufactures custom LED lighting solutions for architectural and artistic projects. Lighting Science Group is headquartered in Satellite Beach, Florida; the Company's European operations are based in Middelburg, The Netherlands; and the Company has a sales office in Sydney, Australia. Lighting Science Group employs approximately 1000 workers building lighting products from domestic and imported parts. Lighting Science Group is a Pegasus Capital Advisors portfolio company. More information about Lighting Science Group is available at www.lsgc.com .
Forward Looking Statement. Certain statements in this press release may constitute "forward-looking statements" made under the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the performance of Lighting Science Group and its products and/or use terminology such as "anticipate," "assume," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "goal," "intend," "plan," "project," "seek," "target," "soon," "will," "first of many" and variations of such words and similar expressions. Such statements reflect the current view of Lighting Science Group with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. In evaluating these statements, you should carefully review the risk factors detailed under "Risk Factors" in our most recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission that may cause our actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements.
The degree of difficulty involved in managing the MR16's d6iscreet size and internal power supply and the intense requirements for brightness of a 50-watt equivalent renders its design and manufacture a complex challenge. Competitive attempts at reaching these high levels of performance have resulted in concessions that have been viewed as unacceptable to the market. No such sacrifice is required with the Definity MR16 HO Series.
At only 8 watts and a 25,000 hour life rating, Lighting Science Group's new DEFINITY(TM) MR16 HO LED light is up to 33% more efficient than competitive products while staying within the industry accepted form factor and not using any moving parts like fans to achieve its superior performance. "A commitment to superior technology underwrites all Lighting Science Group operations; that's why our customers can rest assured that they're offered the most advanced and widest selection of LED lighting products," said Jim Haworth, chairman and chief executive officer of the Company. "We believe that our new MR16 HO, which couples unparalleled efficiency and incredible performance, is a significant advancement in the science of light and another step forward in the development of a more efficient, sustainable and brighter energy future."
The new bulb joins the Company's suite of products that have found applications ranging from use in NASA outer space ventures; to artistic designs that span skyscraper silhouettes; to everyday, practical implementations for American homes and businesses that save families and business owners significant amounts of money on electricity bills. On the global stage, Lighting Science Group has become synonymous with the ultra-efficient lighting revolution, and at home the Company is most commonly viewed as the fulfillment of America's clean technology promise.
To find your nearest sales location for Lighting Science Group's DEFINITY(TM) bulbs, visit: www.lsgc.com .
About Lighting Science Group Lighting Science Group Corporation LSCG +2.86% designs, develops, manufactures and markets LED lighting solutions that are environmentally friendlier and more energy efficient than traditional lighting products. Lighting Science Group offers retrofit LED lamps in form factors that match those of traditional lamps or bulbs and LED luminaires designed for a range of applications including public and private infrastructure for both indoor and outdoor use. Lighting Science Group's Advanced Projects Group business unit designs, develops and manufactures custom LED lighting solutions for architectural and artistic projects. Lighting Science Group is headquartered in Satellite Beach, Florida; the Company's European operations are based in Middelburg, The Netherlands; and the Company has a sales office in Sydney, Australia. Lighting Science Group employs approximately 1000 workers building lighting products from domestic and imported parts. Lighting Science Group is a Pegasus Capital Advisors portfolio company. More information about Lighting Science Group is available at www.lsgc.com .
Forward Looking Statement. Certain statements in this press release may constitute "forward-looking statements" made under the "safe harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the performance of Lighting Science Group and its products and/or use terminology such as "anticipate," "assume," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "goal," "intend," "plan," "project," "seek," "target," "soon," "will," "first of many" and variations of such words and similar expressions. Such statements reflect the current view of Lighting Science Group with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. In evaluating these statements, you should carefully review the risk factors detailed under "Risk Factors" in our most recent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission that may cause our actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements.
How Much Would You Pay for a Light Bulb?
On Tuesday, I stopped at a local hardware store to buy a new light bulb for our outdoor motion lights above our garage doors. The fixture has two bulbs, but only one has been lit. I figure I’m saving energy if we don’t have to keep both lighted.
I picked out a General Electric LED flood lights with a spiral interior that uses 26 watts and cost about $7. It’s guaranteed to last six years. It has an Energy Star rating and supposedly will save $64 over its lifetime compared to using four 90-watt Halogen bulbs.
OK, but it contains mercury, and the package listed a website for details about proper disposal. Besides, it doesn’t give off much light, though it supposedly turns brighter after a brief warm-up. Typically, the floodlight is only on a short time. I might have to buy a second bulb for the other socket. I’d still be further ahead, however, than paying the energy costs for two traditional bulbs.
Later Tuesday I read an Associated Press story about a new “amazing” light bulb. It will go on sale Sunday, Earth Day, at Home Depot and other outlets. The bulb won a $10 million government contest.
The cost of components, including chips,LED panel light or diodes, that give off the light makes it pricey. Commercial customers will pay $60, but the maker, Philips, will discount it to $50 for consumers. Philips also is working on deals with utilities to discount it further, by as much as $20 or $30, the story said.
This LED bulb uses just 10 watts, meaning it saves about $8 per year in electricity if it’s used four hours per day, the story said. It’s expected to last 20 years—or 30 times longer than an incandescent.
I picked out a General Electric LED flood lights with a spiral interior that uses 26 watts and cost about $7. It’s guaranteed to last six years. It has an Energy Star rating and supposedly will save $64 over its lifetime compared to using four 90-watt Halogen bulbs.
OK, but it contains mercury, and the package listed a website for details about proper disposal. Besides, it doesn’t give off much light, though it supposedly turns brighter after a brief warm-up. Typically, the floodlight is only on a short time. I might have to buy a second bulb for the other socket. I’d still be further ahead, however, than paying the energy costs for two traditional bulbs.
Later Tuesday I read an Associated Press story about a new “amazing” light bulb. It will go on sale Sunday, Earth Day, at Home Depot and other outlets. The bulb won a $10 million government contest.
The cost of components, including chips,LED panel light or diodes, that give off the light makes it pricey. Commercial customers will pay $60, but the maker, Philips, will discount it to $50 for consumers. Philips also is working on deals with utilities to discount it further, by as much as $20 or $30, the story said.
This LED bulb uses just 10 watts, meaning it saves about $8 per year in electricity if it’s used four hours per day, the story said. It’s expected to last 20 years—or 30 times longer than an incandescent.
Install a HID Kit in Halo Projector Headlights
An HID kit, or high intensity discharge kit,HID xenon kit, can vastly improve the function of your vehicle's aftermarket halo headlights. Halo headlights have a "ring" of light around the main light. This type of projector headlight focuses a beam of light onto the road so that you can see while driving at night. HID kits are available from most auto parts stores and aftermarket specialty shops (sometimes referred to as "speed shops"). When purchasing an HID kit for your vehicle, choose an HID bulb with a brightness between 8,000K and 10,000K for your halo projector headlights.
1
Open the hood of your vehicle and unplug the electrical connector from the back of your halo headlight ballast.
2
Plug the factory electrical plug into the HID kit's ballast.
3
Turn the halo halogen bulb counterclockwise and pull it out of the headlight assembly.
4
Align the tabs on the HID bulb with the notches cut in the halo headlight housing.
5
Press the HID bulb into the housing and turn it clockwise to lock it to the housing.
6
Plug the HID ballast into the back of the HID bulb.
1
Open the hood of your vehicle and unplug the electrical connector from the back of your halo headlight ballast.
2
Plug the factory electrical plug into the HID kit's ballast.
3
Turn the halo halogen bulb counterclockwise and pull it out of the headlight assembly.
4
Align the tabs on the HID bulb with the notches cut in the halo headlight housing.
5
Press the HID bulb into the housing and turn it clockwise to lock it to the housing.
6
Plug the HID ballast into the back of the HID bulb.
2012年4月16日星期一
A Devar LED Panel
Devar produces various panel meters that measure energy and translate it to various engineering values such as amps, candelas or temperature in Kelvin. This allows for the easy translation of units to working engineering models when planning for electrical needs, heat output and extensive networking. The loop-powered indicator draws all the energy from the LED lighting panel so it does not require an outside power source. It then converts the information to the programmed output method.
LED Light Panels
LED light panels utilize light-emitting diodes to provide illumination while requiring less electricity than other light bulbs. The process of lighting the diodes also emits less heat than a typical lighting configuration. This allows you to put LED panels in small spaces without raising energy costs, as you are not drawing excessive electricity for the light or for air conditioning to cool the area. Many production companies have taken to using LEDs in order to work more efficiently.
Loop Powered Indicator
The loop-powered indicator comes with various input controls so you can choose the one that works best with the LED panel you are using. While you can always change the output from the panel, it is easier to use the provided output format. The output connectors are all the same and the output conforms to standard engineering requirements. The indicators can measure different types of energy such as total process or transmitter processing.
Display Information
The machine shows the final information on the front display of the machine. The display is a 1/2-inch, six-character LED. The meter reads data from thermocouplers of all types. Some models hook directly to the thermocouple, not via an adaptor. You can set alarms on the meter at certain levels. The alarms allow you to determine at which levels you wish to be notified. This is particularly helpful if you cannot be near the meter when adjusting power or the LED light panels.
Optional AC Power
Some models have AC power options. This gives you the option to run power to the machine on its own if you plan to run the meter when not attached to the LED panels. These versions come with Amp relays as well, so you can monitor multiple panels simultaneously. The models with AC adaptors can also power the light panels, allowing you to measure the amount of light put out by the machine by varying the power to the panel. This gives you additional information.
LED Light Panels
LED light panels utilize light-emitting diodes to provide illumination while requiring less electricity than other light bulbs. The process of lighting the diodes also emits less heat than a typical lighting configuration. This allows you to put LED panels in small spaces without raising energy costs, as you are not drawing excessive electricity for the light or for air conditioning to cool the area. Many production companies have taken to using LEDs in order to work more efficiently.
Loop Powered Indicator
The loop-powered indicator comes with various input controls so you can choose the one that works best with the LED panel you are using. While you can always change the output from the panel, it is easier to use the provided output format. The output connectors are all the same and the output conforms to standard engineering requirements. The indicators can measure different types of energy such as total process or transmitter processing.
Display Information
The machine shows the final information on the front display of the machine. The display is a 1/2-inch, six-character LED. The meter reads data from thermocouplers of all types. Some models hook directly to the thermocouple, not via an adaptor. You can set alarms on the meter at certain levels. The alarms allow you to determine at which levels you wish to be notified. This is particularly helpful if you cannot be near the meter when adjusting power or the LED light panels.
Optional AC Power
Some models have AC power options. This gives you the option to run power to the machine on its own if you plan to run the meter when not attached to the LED panels. These versions come with Amp relays as well, so you can monitor multiple panels simultaneously. The models with AC adaptors can also power the light panels, allowing you to measure the amount of light put out by the machine by varying the power to the panel. This gives you additional information.
How to Sale Motorcycle
Motorcycle buyers are passionate about their favorite brands and the lifestyle involved with motorcycle ownership. It may be difficult to give up your off road motorcycle because of all the positive memories you have about it, but that's what can help you sell it fast. The sale will come easily if you offer the bike at an reasonable price and let prospective owners know why you loved riding it.
Online Sites
Craigslist is the best online site to place a big-ticket item like a motorcycle because shipping costs can be prohibitively expensive. A site like eBay does, however, allow you to reach a national market. Make sure you include plenty of photos in your Internet advertisements. You must show prospective buyers every detail of the bike in your photos, especially if the customer is too far away to see it in person.
Seasonal Selling
Put your motorcycle up for sale when people are ready to ride. Spring and summer are the seasons to sell your motorcycle. Nobody wants to store a bike for several cold winter months before they can ride it. You'll get much more money if you wait until fair weather to sell. If you live in a place like Florida or California, your sales season is year-round.
Dealerships
You can sell your bike to a dealership or even just place an ad at a dealership for its customers to see. Dealerships tend to specialize in particular brands, so they might not allow you to advertise a competing brand at their store. Ask if they have a mechanism for placing ads and how much they charge for the space. Compare at least two different dealerships to get the best price possible.
Motorcycle Shops
Make a deal with local motorcycle shops to post your bike for sale in their store. Some will charge a fee, but many shops provide this as a courtesy service for potential customers. Motorcycle shops have a variety of street bike brands and models. Bike enthusiasts spend a lot of time in local shops to examine bikes and converse with fellow enthusiasts.
The Experience
It's an effective sales technique to sell buyers on the experience of riding the cub motorcycle. Detail for them the history of the particular street bike, including the places it's been and any of its heroic displays on the road. This is the time to brag about your experiences to help the buyer envision riding the street bike.
Online Sites
Craigslist is the best online site to place a big-ticket item like a motorcycle because shipping costs can be prohibitively expensive. A site like eBay does, however, allow you to reach a national market. Make sure you include plenty of photos in your Internet advertisements. You must show prospective buyers every detail of the bike in your photos, especially if the customer is too far away to see it in person.
Seasonal Selling
Put your motorcycle up for sale when people are ready to ride. Spring and summer are the seasons to sell your motorcycle. Nobody wants to store a bike for several cold winter months before they can ride it. You'll get much more money if you wait until fair weather to sell. If you live in a place like Florida or California, your sales season is year-round.
Dealerships
You can sell your bike to a dealership or even just place an ad at a dealership for its customers to see. Dealerships tend to specialize in particular brands, so they might not allow you to advertise a competing brand at their store. Ask if they have a mechanism for placing ads and how much they charge for the space. Compare at least two different dealerships to get the best price possible.
Motorcycle Shops
Make a deal with local motorcycle shops to post your bike for sale in their store. Some will charge a fee, but many shops provide this as a courtesy service for potential customers. Motorcycle shops have a variety of street bike brands and models. Bike enthusiasts spend a lot of time in local shops to examine bikes and converse with fellow enthusiasts.
The Experience
It's an effective sales technique to sell buyers on the experience of riding the cub motorcycle. Detail for them the history of the particular street bike, including the places it's been and any of its heroic displays on the road. This is the time to brag about your experiences to help the buyer envision riding the street bike.
Off Road Motorcycle Racing
Get your favorite off road motorcycle racing Photo.
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Motorcycle racing (also called moto racing and bike racing) is a motorcycle sport of racing motorcycles. Major genres include road racing and off road racing, both either on circuits or open courses, and track racing. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials.
Main article: Superbike racing
Superbike racing is a category of motorcycle road racing that employs modified production motorcycles. Superbike racing motorcycles must have four stroke engines of between 800 cc and 1200 cc for twins, and between 750 cc and 1000 cc for four cylinder machines. The motorcycles must maintain the same profile as their roadgoing counterparts. The overall appearance, seen from the front, rear and sides, must correspond to that of the bike homologated for use on public roads.
If bug exists, please tell us (E-mail), we will fix it as soon as possible.
Thank you very much for your support!
Motorcycle racing (also called moto racing and bike racing) is a motorcycle sport of racing motorcycles. Major genres include road racing and off road racing, both either on circuits or open courses, and track racing. Other categories include hill climbs, drag racing and land speed record trials.
Main article: Superbike racing
Superbike racing is a category of motorcycle road racing that employs modified production motorcycles. Superbike racing motorcycles must have four stroke engines of between 800 cc and 1200 cc for twins, and between 750 cc and 1000 cc for four cylinder machines. The motorcycles must maintain the same profile as their roadgoing counterparts. The overall appearance, seen from the front, rear and sides, must correspond to that of the bike homologated for use on public roads.
2012年4月11日星期三
How to Fix a Leaking Ball Valve
A misaligned or old toilet ball valve, also known as a tank ball, may be the culprit in a toilet that constantly runs. This ball-shaped seal is what keeps water from running into the toilet when it is lowered and allows water to flow for flushing when opened. There is more than one cause for a leaky tank ball, and it is best to check thoroughly before buying replacement parts.
1
Remove lid from the toilet tank. Examine the tank ball and determine if it is seating correctly. Examine the wire that is attached to the guide arm on the overflow pipe.
2
Turn water off using the valve behind the toilet. Then, straighten the wire if it is bent and adjust the placement on the guide arm if necessary. The wire should be placed on the guide arm where it is lifted high enough to open the valve during a flush and lowered low enough to seal when finished.
3
Turn water off at the valve behind the toilet. Remove old ball valve assembly from the guide arm on the overflow pipe.
4
Slide the lower lift wire through the upper lift wire and its guide. Attach the upper lift wire to the guide arm.
5
Thread the tank ball onto the lower lift wire. It should be snug, but not over-tightened.
6
Align the ball over the drain seat, making sure the wire is vertical. Use the flush lever a couple of times to be sure everything fits properly.
7
Turn the water back on. Check for leaks, and make any necessary adjustments. If none are needed, the toilet is ready for use.
1
Remove lid from the toilet tank. Examine the tank ball and determine if it is seating correctly. Examine the wire that is attached to the guide arm on the overflow pipe.
2
Turn water off using the valve behind the toilet. Then, straighten the wire if it is bent and adjust the placement on the guide arm if necessary. The wire should be placed on the guide arm where it is lifted high enough to open the valve during a flush and lowered low enough to seal when finished.
3
Turn water off at the valve behind the toilet. Remove old ball valve assembly from the guide arm on the overflow pipe.
4
Slide the lower lift wire through the upper lift wire and its guide. Attach the upper lift wire to the guide arm.
5
Thread the tank ball onto the lower lift wire. It should be snug, but not over-tightened.
6
Align the ball over the drain seat, making sure the wire is vertical. Use the flush lever a couple of times to be sure everything fits properly.
7
Turn the water back on. Check for leaks, and make any necessary adjustments. If none are needed, the toilet is ready for use.
Some Types of Temporary Fencing
Temporary fences define property boundaries and provide security and safety. They designate property in various environments. Particularly, temporary fences mark boundaries and help control crowds at concerts, festivals, parades and other events. Farms use temporary fences to separate animals into groups.
Chain Link
Traditional temporary fencing makes use of chain-link panels or rolls of chain link, both of which have heavy bases. The wires of the chain run vertically and form zigzag patterns, enabling each one to hook to the next wire immediately. This forms the "diamond pattern" characteristic to this type of temporary fence.
Wire Mesh Fence
An alternative to chain-link fencing involves the use of wire mesh panels. This temporary fence material is simple in design, but secure with a lighter weight base. Mesh panels accommodate wheels, weights and other accessories, and can adapt to various environments.
Mesh panel fences come in a variety of colors. Compared to other fencing material, mesh panels withstand discoloration and distortion caused by natural and man-made elements. Wire mesh also weighs less than chain link. Therefore, mesh fences can be transported and installed by one person. Due to its manufacturing process, mesh panels have no sharp edges, unlike chain links. This reduces the chance of injuries.
Picket Fence
Picket fences sometimes are used to contain dogs. You can customize it by painting it. If building picket fences for dogs, do not leave gaps at the bottom by which small dogs can enter or leave the property.
Poultry Fences
Poultry fences come in rolls, ready to be installed. Also called chicken wire, these fences are easy to set up, adjust, and remove. Tools are not needed for installation. The fence also adapts to corners, curves and hills.
Chain Link
Traditional temporary fencing makes use of chain-link panels or rolls of chain link, both of which have heavy bases. The wires of the chain run vertically and form zigzag patterns, enabling each one to hook to the next wire immediately. This forms the "diamond pattern" characteristic to this type of temporary fence.
Wire Mesh Fence
An alternative to chain-link fencing involves the use of wire mesh panels. This temporary fence material is simple in design, but secure with a lighter weight base. Mesh panels accommodate wheels, weights and other accessories, and can adapt to various environments.
Mesh panel fences come in a variety of colors. Compared to other fencing material, mesh panels withstand discoloration and distortion caused by natural and man-made elements. Wire mesh also weighs less than chain link. Therefore, mesh fences can be transported and installed by one person. Due to its manufacturing process, mesh panels have no sharp edges, unlike chain links. This reduces the chance of injuries.
Picket Fence
Picket fences sometimes are used to contain dogs. You can customize it by painting it. If building picket fences for dogs, do not leave gaps at the bottom by which small dogs can enter or leave the property.
Poultry Fences
Poultry fences come in rolls, ready to be installed. Also called chicken wire, these fences are easy to set up, adjust, and remove. Tools are not needed for installation. The fence also adapts to corners, curves and hills.
How to Use a Coin Machine or a Coin Sorter
A 16-ounce container of coins can hold more than $28. A 1-gallon container of coins can hold more than $200. Converting these coins into paper money is much easier than trying to use them as coins. Using a Coin Machine can make the process of counting coins much easier. Some sorters are home electronic devices and others are commercial devices that charge a percent of the coins' value for converting the coins to paper money.
1
Sift through your coins to ensure that they are all of the same currency. The occasional coin from a different country can slip into circulation since most people only give coins a cursory glance. Most machines sort by weights specific to a set of currency, so running foreign coins through a sorter that isn't equipped to automatically sift them out, can cause problems.
2
Pile the coins into the sorter. Some machines can take bulk amounts of coins and sort many at a time, and others will require you to enter the coins one at a time. If your coin sorter is your own personal device, it is designed to sift the coins by type. It will have a separate reservoir for each category (quarters, dimes, nickels and pennies) into which the coins will be sorted. Once sorted into stacks, transfer the coins into coin wrappers. If it is a commercial machine, it will simply collect the coins and you won't have to wrap them.
3
Collect the value of the coins. Commercial machines may dispense cash or a cash voucher minus a fee for using the machine. The machine may allow you to forgo the fee if you choose to take the coins' value in gift certificates for various stores and online merchants. If you used a personal machine, you will need to take the wrapped coins to your bank for deposit into your account, or to exchange them for paper money.
1
Sift through your coins to ensure that they are all of the same currency. The occasional coin from a different country can slip into circulation since most people only give coins a cursory glance. Most machines sort by weights specific to a set of currency, so running foreign coins through a sorter that isn't equipped to automatically sift them out, can cause problems.
2
Pile the coins into the sorter. Some machines can take bulk amounts of coins and sort many at a time, and others will require you to enter the coins one at a time. If your coin sorter is your own personal device, it is designed to sift the coins by type. It will have a separate reservoir for each category (quarters, dimes, nickels and pennies) into which the coins will be sorted. Once sorted into stacks, transfer the coins into coin wrappers. If it is a commercial machine, it will simply collect the coins and you won't have to wrap them.
3
Collect the value of the coins. Commercial machines may dispense cash or a cash voucher minus a fee for using the machine. The machine may allow you to forgo the fee if you choose to take the coins' value in gift certificates for various stores and online merchants. If you used a personal machine, you will need to take the wrapped coins to your bank for deposit into your account, or to exchange them for paper money.
SAE Bolt Specifications
For nearly 100 years, the Society of Automotive Engineering has been instrumental in setting the design and engineering standards for fasteners. J429 is the SAE American standard specification for bolts and other externally threaded fasteners such as studs, screws and sems. The J429 bolt specification identifies bolts by a system of head markings. You can reference the bolt head markings for material, mechanical and strength specifications from charts found online or in SAE and Industrial Fasteners Institute handbooks.
Grade 1 & Grade 2 Hex Bolts
SAE J429 Grade 1 and Grade 2 bolt specifications cover 1/4- to 1 1/2-inch body diameter, low to medium carbon steel bolts. Their mechanical and strength properties, measured in pounds per square inch, and are found in the fastener mechanical properties for steel charts which can be viewed online or from the SAE handbook. Grade 1 and Grade 2 bolts have no head marking. They are equivalent in strength and mechanical properties to the American Society of Testing Materials A307 specification for Grades A & B bolts. Grade 1 and 2 bolts have the least strength and heat resistance properties of all the bolts within the SAE J429 specification.
Grade 5 Hex Bolts
SAE J429 Grade 5 bolt specifications cover bolts with 1/4- to 1 1/2-inch body diameter and made from medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered. Quenching and tempering are processes related to the heat treating of bolts for specific ductility and hardness values. Grade 5 bolts are stronger and have more heat tolerance than Grade 1 and 2 bolts. Proof load, tensile and yield strength values are found on the fastener mechanical properties for steel charts. Grade 5 bolts are marked by three equidistant lines beginning at the outer rim of the bolt's head to its center. Used for medium to heavy duty fastenings, Grade 5 bolts are equivalent to ASTM A449 bolts up to 1 1/2 inch body diameter.
Grade 5.2 Hex Bolts
SAE J429 Grade 5.2 bolts are marked by three equidistant lines beginning on the outer rim of the bolt head and meeting at its halfway point. Body diameter specifications are 1/4 to 1 inch. Grade 5.2 bolts are made from low carbon martensitic steel, quenched and tempered. They are not as durable and heat resistant as Grade 5 bolts because they are made from soft and ductile low carbon martensitic steel. Therefore, do not use Grade 5.2 bolts for an application that requires a Grade 5.
Grade 7 & 8 Hex Bolts
SAE J429 Grade 7 and 8 bolts are made from medium carbon high strength alloy steel, quenched and tempered. Used for automotive, structural and high temperature applications; they are the strongest and most heat resistant of all SAE graded bolts. Their mechanical and strength properties are found on the fastener mechanical properties for steel charts on fastener distributor and manufacturer's websites or in the SAE and IFI handbooks. Grade 7 and 8 bolts are marked with five and six equidistant lines, respectively, beginning from the rim of the bolt head to its center. Grade 8 bolts are equivalent to ASTM A354 Grade BD bolts.
Metric, Material, Hardness, Heat Treating
Besides US bolt standards, the SAE has standard J1199 for metric externally threaded fasteners. Metric bolt heads are marked with identifying numbers instead of lines. For example, a metric bolt with an 8.8 head marking is equivalent to a Grade 5, and a 10.9 marked metric bolt is equivalent to a Grade 8. Bolt hardness, material and heat treating standards and specifications can be found in the "Related Standards" section in the SAE Fastener Standards Manual.
Grade 1 & Grade 2 Hex Bolts
SAE J429 Grade 1 and Grade 2 bolt specifications cover 1/4- to 1 1/2-inch body diameter, low to medium carbon steel bolts. Their mechanical and strength properties, measured in pounds per square inch, and are found in the fastener mechanical properties for steel charts which can be viewed online or from the SAE handbook. Grade 1 and Grade 2 bolts have no head marking. They are equivalent in strength and mechanical properties to the American Society of Testing Materials A307 specification for Grades A & B bolts. Grade 1 and 2 bolts have the least strength and heat resistance properties of all the bolts within the SAE J429 specification.
Grade 5 Hex Bolts
SAE J429 Grade 5 bolt specifications cover bolts with 1/4- to 1 1/2-inch body diameter and made from medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered. Quenching and tempering are processes related to the heat treating of bolts for specific ductility and hardness values. Grade 5 bolts are stronger and have more heat tolerance than Grade 1 and 2 bolts. Proof load, tensile and yield strength values are found on the fastener mechanical properties for steel charts. Grade 5 bolts are marked by three equidistant lines beginning at the outer rim of the bolt's head to its center. Used for medium to heavy duty fastenings, Grade 5 bolts are equivalent to ASTM A449 bolts up to 1 1/2 inch body diameter.
Grade 5.2 Hex Bolts
SAE J429 Grade 5.2 bolts are marked by three equidistant lines beginning on the outer rim of the bolt head and meeting at its halfway point. Body diameter specifications are 1/4 to 1 inch. Grade 5.2 bolts are made from low carbon martensitic steel, quenched and tempered. They are not as durable and heat resistant as Grade 5 bolts because they are made from soft and ductile low carbon martensitic steel. Therefore, do not use Grade 5.2 bolts for an application that requires a Grade 5.
Grade 7 & 8 Hex Bolts
SAE J429 Grade 7 and 8 bolts are made from medium carbon high strength alloy steel, quenched and tempered. Used for automotive, structural and high temperature applications; they are the strongest and most heat resistant of all SAE graded bolts. Their mechanical and strength properties are found on the fastener mechanical properties for steel charts on fastener distributor and manufacturer's websites or in the SAE and IFI handbooks. Grade 7 and 8 bolts are marked with five and six equidistant lines, respectively, beginning from the rim of the bolt head to its center. Grade 8 bolts are equivalent to ASTM A354 Grade BD bolts.
Metric, Material, Hardness, Heat Treating
Besides US bolt standards, the SAE has standard J1199 for metric externally threaded fasteners. Metric bolt heads are marked with identifying numbers instead of lines. For example, a metric bolt with an 8.8 head marking is equivalent to a Grade 5, and a 10.9 marked metric bolt is equivalent to a Grade 8. Bolt hardness, material and heat treating standards and specifications can be found in the "Related Standards" section in the SAE Fastener Standards Manual.
How to Remove Orthodontic Braces
Orthodontists sometimes use dental braces to help bring a patient's teeth into alignment and create a more aesthetically-pleasing smile. Dental braces consist of small metal brackets cemented to each tooth and then connected with a wire. The wire is adjusted periodically to pull teeth in the proper direction. Most people wear braces for a year or longer before they are removed by an orthodontist. Removing dental braces is a fairly quick procedure that should only be performed by an orthodontist to prevent causing damage to teeth,dental instruments.
1
Remove the rubber bands that hold the connecting wire onto the metal brackets; remove the wire,orthodontic bracket.
2
Use dental pliers to gently squeeze each bracket and remove it from the tooth. The bracket will pop off the tooth without causing any pain, but the patient might experience a feeling of slight pressure. There will be some cement left on the teeth.
3
Use a dental scraper tool to gently remove any remaining cement from the teeth. Some orthodontists also use a polishing tool to remove remaining cement.
1
Remove the rubber bands that hold the connecting wire onto the metal brackets; remove the wire,orthodontic bracket.
2
Use dental pliers to gently squeeze each bracket and remove it from the tooth. The bracket will pop off the tooth without causing any pain, but the patient might experience a feeling of slight pressure. There will be some cement left on the teeth.
3
Use a dental scraper tool to gently remove any remaining cement from the teeth. Some orthodontists also use a polishing tool to remove remaining cement.
How to Sell Dental Instruments
Selling dental instruments involves describing and pitching a manufacturer’s products to dental practices. Dental sales is competitive and requires sales representatives to become the liaison between their companies and clients. Dental sales representatives in 2010 earned between $40,547 and $80,319, according to Payscale.com. These professionals must have a four-year college degree and complete training programs on a company’s products. Several steps can help you sell dental instruments successfully.
1
Study facts about the dental instruments you are selling. Your company will provide you with information during training. This training also will introduce to you ways to overcome customer objections and other barriers to making a sale.
2
Call dentists in your area who are potential clients of your dental-instrument manufacturing company. Target dental practice that use your particular products. For example, if your company manufactures items used for dental implants -- artificial tooth roots placed in the jaw to hold replacement teeth -- you should contact oral and maxillofacial surgeons or periodontists. If your company manufactures dental instruments used primarily for fillings, focus on general dentists.
Your company provides you with a list of dentists in your territory. You can find this information in a phone book or by visiting the American Dental Association website.
3
Visit potential customers. In dental sales, be prepared to travel most of the time. Give sample products to the office's receptionist and explain how your products will be useful to the dentist.
4
Explain to the dentist how your products work. Ask the dentist what his needs are and describe how your company’s instruments can meet those needs. During your presentation, explain why your prices are competitive and describe any special offers.
5
Follow up. Contact your potential customer by phone or in person at an agreed-upon date. Reiterate your products’ benefits and features. Explain that you will provide technical support once he or she makes a purchase.
1
Study facts about the dental instruments you are selling. Your company will provide you with information during training. This training also will introduce to you ways to overcome customer objections and other barriers to making a sale.
2
Call dentists in your area who are potential clients of your dental-instrument manufacturing company. Target dental practice that use your particular products. For example, if your company manufactures items used for dental implants -- artificial tooth roots placed in the jaw to hold replacement teeth -- you should contact oral and maxillofacial surgeons or periodontists. If your company manufactures dental instruments used primarily for fillings, focus on general dentists.
Your company provides you with a list of dentists in your territory. You can find this information in a phone book or by visiting the American Dental Association website.
3
Visit potential customers. In dental sales, be prepared to travel most of the time. Give sample products to the office's receptionist and explain how your products will be useful to the dentist.
4
Explain to the dentist how your products work. Ask the dentist what his needs are and describe how your company’s instruments can meet those needs. During your presentation, explain why your prices are competitive and describe any special offers.
5
Follow up. Contact your potential customer by phone or in person at an agreed-upon date. Reiterate your products’ benefits and features. Explain that you will provide technical support once he or she makes a purchase.
How to Convert Frequencies
Frequency measurements commonly occur in engineering and the physical sciences. A frequency value indicates how often a repeating event takes place. In scientific contexts, though, frequencies are typically used to describe waves, such as sound waves, light waves or electrical waves. The fundamental unit of frequency is the hertz (abbreviated Hz), which is sometimes known as "cycles per second." If a wave repeats itself once in a second, it has a frequency of 1 Hz. Certain situations, however, are easier to analyze if the frequency is expressed in different units or as a different (but related) quantity.
1
Multiply the frequency by 2 x pi (approximately 6.28) to convert frequency convert to angular frequency. Angular frequency has a unit of radians per second instead of cycles per second. In angular motion, one full cycle corresponds to 2pi radians (or 360 degrees), so angular frequency more clearly describes the rotational motion of an object.
2
Divide 1 by the frequency to determine the period. This is called taking the "inverse" of the frequency. Whereas frequency tells you how many times an event happens in a second, the period tells you how long it takes to complete one event. The unit for period is seconds per cycle, usually shortened to just seconds. Period measurements are common in electronics because the period of a timing signal determines how long the device will operate in a certain way.
3
Divide the velocity of a wave by the frequency to determine the wavelength. Wavelengths are often used to describe electromagnetic waves -- like light-- in which case the formula becomes: wavelength = (speed of light) / (frequency). The wavelength tells you the physical distance between the beginning of one cycle and the beginning of the previous cycle.
4
Multiply the frequency by 60 to express the frequency in revolutions per minute (or RPM). Since there are 60 seconds in a minute, if a device completes 60 revolutions in one minute, it completes one revolution in one second, so 1 cycle per second = 60 revolutions per minute. The rotational motion of mechanical devices is commonly expressed in RPM.
1
Multiply the frequency by 2 x pi (approximately 6.28) to convert frequency convert to angular frequency. Angular frequency has a unit of radians per second instead of cycles per second. In angular motion, one full cycle corresponds to 2pi radians (or 360 degrees), so angular frequency more clearly describes the rotational motion of an object.
2
Divide 1 by the frequency to determine the period. This is called taking the "inverse" of the frequency. Whereas frequency tells you how many times an event happens in a second, the period tells you how long it takes to complete one event. The unit for period is seconds per cycle, usually shortened to just seconds. Period measurements are common in electronics because the period of a timing signal determines how long the device will operate in a certain way.
3
Divide the velocity of a wave by the frequency to determine the wavelength. Wavelengths are often used to describe electromagnetic waves -- like light-- in which case the formula becomes: wavelength = (speed of light) / (frequency). The wavelength tells you the physical distance between the beginning of one cycle and the beginning of the previous cycle.
4
Multiply the frequency by 60 to express the frequency in revolutions per minute (or RPM). Since there are 60 seconds in a minute, if a device completes 60 revolutions in one minute, it completes one revolution in one second, so 1 cycle per second = 60 revolutions per minute. The rotational motion of mechanical devices is commonly expressed in RPM.
How Does a Power Inverter Work?
Power Inverter Basics
Power inverters are devices that generate Alternating Current (AC) power at a particular frequency to power an AC electric motor. AC is power which switches constantly from negative to positive, and back again. This is in contrast to direct current or DC power, which always flows in the same direction. Power comes into houses and other buildings as AC with a set frequency--usually 60 hertz. The power changes direction from negative to positive, and back again 60 times a second. The speed of AC motors are controlled by the frequency of the power going into them. A power inverter allows an operator to change the frequency and adjust the speed of the off road motorcycle.
Making DC Power
There is no good way to turn one frequency of AC directly into another frequency inverter. Therefore, a power inverter must change the AC power into DC. It uses a device called a rectifier, powered by tiny electric one-way valves called diodes. The DC output has two wires, one which is always negative, and the other which is always positive. When the AC input flows in the positive direction, the diode attached to the positive wire allows electricity to flow through, while the diode attached to the negative wire closes off. When the AC input flows in the negative direction, the diode attached to the negative output allows electricity to flow through, while the positive diode closes off. All the negative current is shunted down the negative wire, and all the positive current is shunted down the positive one.
Generating a Signal
This DC power is then turned back into AC at the frequency desired. It flows into a high-speed digital circuit. This circuit has switches which can turn on and off thousands of times every second. Depending on how many switches are on at a particular moment, the generator can output a voltage from the negative maximum to the positive maximum.
Stair Step Wave
Normal AC flows in sine waves - smooth, continuous curves from positive to negative, and back again. The power inverter creates an approximation of a sine wave called a stair-step wave. Each switch increases or decreases the voltage slightly. Together, they create a jagged wave, which is similar enough to a true sine wave to power the motor.
Power inverters are devices that generate Alternating Current (AC) power at a particular frequency to power an AC electric motor. AC is power which switches constantly from negative to positive, and back again. This is in contrast to direct current or DC power, which always flows in the same direction. Power comes into houses and other buildings as AC with a set frequency--usually 60 hertz. The power changes direction from negative to positive, and back again 60 times a second. The speed of AC motors are controlled by the frequency of the power going into them. A power inverter allows an operator to change the frequency and adjust the speed of the off road motorcycle.
Making DC Power
There is no good way to turn one frequency of AC directly into another frequency inverter. Therefore, a power inverter must change the AC power into DC. It uses a device called a rectifier, powered by tiny electric one-way valves called diodes. The DC output has two wires, one which is always negative, and the other which is always positive. When the AC input flows in the positive direction, the diode attached to the positive wire allows electricity to flow through, while the diode attached to the negative wire closes off. When the AC input flows in the negative direction, the diode attached to the negative output allows electricity to flow through, while the positive diode closes off. All the negative current is shunted down the negative wire, and all the positive current is shunted down the positive one.
Generating a Signal
This DC power is then turned back into AC at the frequency desired. It flows into a high-speed digital circuit. This circuit has switches which can turn on and off thousands of times every second. Depending on how many switches are on at a particular moment, the generator can output a voltage from the negative maximum to the positive maximum.
Stair Step Wave
Normal AC flows in sine waves - smooth, continuous curves from positive to negative, and back again. The power inverter creates an approximation of a sine wave called a stair-step wave. Each switch increases or decreases the voltage slightly. Together, they create a jagged wave, which is similar enough to a true sine wave to power the motor.
2012年3月7日星期三
Honda Cub Specs
The Honda Cub, also known as the Honda Super Cub or Honda 50, was first introduced to the world market in 1958. It has remained a popular mode of transportation for the past 50 years with exports to 120 countries and sales exceeding 60 million. Throughout the years, the specifications on the Honda Cub have only changed slightly.
Engine
The engine in the Honda Cub motorcycle has remained a single cylinder, four-stroke with two cylinders over the last 50 years. The engine has an output power of 3.88 horsepower at 7,000 rpm and 3.5 ft.-lbs. of torque at 4,500 rpm. The bike upgraded from a three-speed with an air cooling system to a four-speed transmission. The compression ratio of the engine and fuel injection system on the Honda Cub is 10.0-to-1. The bore and stroke is 39 mm by 41.4 mm. The Cub also comes standard with a kick starter, but upgraded models can be purchased with an electric starter.
Dimensions
The overall length of the Honda Cub motorcycle is 71 inches with a wheelbase of 46.3 inches, a width of 26 inches and a height of 40 inches. The bike has a dry weight of 165.3 lbs. and weighs approximately 180 lbs. with fuel, oil and other liquids. The earlier bikes weighed slightly less, between 122 and 155 lbs.
Tires and Brakes
The tires on the Honda Cub are moped tires sized 2.25-17 on the front and 2.50-17 on the rear. The front brakes on the Cub are drum, cable operated and the rear brakes are drum, rod operated.
Fuel Data
The Honda Cub is fuel efficient with a gas tank that holds 1.06 gallons of unleaded gas and has a fuel consumption of over 343 miles per gallon.
Engine
The engine in the Honda Cub motorcycle has remained a single cylinder, four-stroke with two cylinders over the last 50 years. The engine has an output power of 3.88 horsepower at 7,000 rpm and 3.5 ft.-lbs. of torque at 4,500 rpm. The bike upgraded from a three-speed with an air cooling system to a four-speed transmission. The compression ratio of the engine and fuel injection system on the Honda Cub is 10.0-to-1. The bore and stroke is 39 mm by 41.4 mm. The Cub also comes standard with a kick starter, but upgraded models can be purchased with an electric starter.
Dimensions
The overall length of the Honda Cub motorcycle is 71 inches with a wheelbase of 46.3 inches, a width of 26 inches and a height of 40 inches. The bike has a dry weight of 165.3 lbs. and weighs approximately 180 lbs. with fuel, oil and other liquids. The earlier bikes weighed slightly less, between 122 and 155 lbs.
Tires and Brakes
The tires on the Honda Cub are moped tires sized 2.25-17 on the front and 2.50-17 on the rear. The front brakes on the Cub are drum, cable operated and the rear brakes are drum, rod operated.
Fuel Data
The Honda Cub is fuel efficient with a gas tank that holds 1.06 gallons of unleaded gas and has a fuel consumption of over 343 miles per gallon.
How To Buy Street Bikes
1 Determine what kind of rider you are. Think about how you are using your bike or plan to use it. This helps you narrow down your two wheeler search. If you commute to work, if you bike for pleasure or even if you bike for work as a bike messenger, these issues all contribute to the type of bike you need.
2 Set financial limitations on your street bike shopping. Street bikes come in so many styles and options that this is often one of the best ways to help decide. 3 Find a bike that fits your height as a rider. As a general rule, the crossbar should be a few inches below your rear end, if you are standing over the bike. However, some more advanced frames have different specifications, depending on your riding skill level and specific body type.
4 Decide how many gears you are interested in having. If you ride for pleasure and live in a flat area, a one-speed bike is a great option. If you ride daily and have some hills, a three-speed is a terrific choice. If you have long commutes and differing terrain, a 10-speed bike will give you the most adaptability. 5 Test ride your bike before purchasing. This is the best way to know whether this bike is for you. If you don't feel comfortable on the ride, test another. 6 Consider brands like Gary Fisher, GT, Giant, Scott and Dawes. Each brand has unique features and colors that may be appealing to you.
For more information about their products, visit their website:
Company name：Chongqing Yujue Electrical-Mechanical Co., Ltd
Contact us：Phone: 86-23-66224319
Fax:86-23-66236997
Web site：http://www.yujuemotor.com/
The main products： Cheap Off-Road Motorcycle Latest Street Bike
Information About Xenon Light Kits
HID xenon kits are used to convert a vehicle's factory-installed headlight system to a more advanced technology known as High Intensity Discharge lamps. HID lights are glass bulbs filled with xenon gas. When a voltage is applied to the gas, it ignites. This creates up to three times the amount of light produced by halogen headlights.
Availability
Xenon headlight conversion-kits are available for virtually all makes and models of cars, trucks and off road motorcycles. Upgrade kits are not available for vehicles with factory-installed xenon lights, due to manufacturer tendencies to use special types of bulbs and connectors.
Colors
HID xenon kits provide a choice of color temperatures rated in degrees Kelvin to indicate the hue given off by the bulb. Xenon lights with a 3,000K rating display a yellowish tint, often used for fog lamps. The 4,300K is the color temperature used for most factory-installed HID lights. Kits with Kelvin ratings of 8,000K produce light with a slightly blue tint that increases as the rating numbers become higher. Lights that display a purple tint are of the 30,000K variety.
Installation
Installing xenon light-kits generally takes from 20 minutes to an hour, depending on how difficult it is to access the original bulb and remove it. Once the original bulb is removed, the xenon bulb plugs into the same connector; it is then remounted into the existing headlight frame-assembly.
Availability
Xenon headlight conversion-kits are available for virtually all makes and models of cars, trucks and off road motorcycles. Upgrade kits are not available for vehicles with factory-installed xenon lights, due to manufacturer tendencies to use special types of bulbs and connectors.
Colors
HID xenon kits provide a choice of color temperatures rated in degrees Kelvin to indicate the hue given off by the bulb. Xenon lights with a 3,000K rating display a yellowish tint, often used for fog lamps. The 4,300K is the color temperature used for most factory-installed HID lights. Kits with Kelvin ratings of 8,000K produce light with a slightly blue tint that increases as the rating numbers become higher. Lights that display a purple tint are of the 30,000K variety.
Installation
Installing xenon light-kits generally takes from 20 minutes to an hour, depending on how difficult it is to access the original bulb and remove it. Once the original bulb is removed, the xenon bulb plugs into the same connector; it is then remounted into the existing headlight frame-assembly.
DIY LED Auto Lamp
1 Turn off the vehicle engine and open the hood. Using the socket wrench, disconnect the battery by loosening and removing the negative terminal from the battery post.
2 Disconnect the electrical component of the headlight by squeezing in the plastic tabs on the connector. Pull the electrical connector off the assembly.
3 Remove all nuts and bolts on the LED assembly with a socket wrench or a screwdriver. Pull the vehicle headlight assembly out of the engine compartment once the nuts and bolts are removed.
4 Replace the vehicle assembly with the LED assembly and screw down with the bolts or screws. Reattach the electrical connector.
5 Reconnect the negative terminal to the battery post. Test the LED headlights to make sure they are functioning properly.
2012年2月24日星期五
How to Install a HID Kit in Halo Projector Headlights
An HID kit, or high intensity discharge kit, can vastly improve the function of your vehicle's aftermarket halo headlights. Halo headlights have a "ring" of light around the main light. This type of projector headlight focuses a beam of light onto the road so that you can see while driving at night. HID kits are available from most auto parts stores and aftermarket specialty shops (sometimes referred to as "speed shops"). When purchasing an HID kit for your vehicle, choose an HID bulb with a brightness between 8,000K and 10,000K for your halo projector headlights.
1 Open the hood of your vehicle and unplug the electrical connector from the back of your halo headlight ballast.
2 Plug the factory electrical plug into the HID kit's ballast,HID xenon kit.
3 Turn the halo halogen bulb counterclockwise and pull it out of the headlight assembly.
4 Align the tabs on the HID bulb with the notches cut in the halo headlight housing.
5 Press the HID bulb into the housing and turn it clockwise to lock it to the housing.
6 Plug the HID ballast into the back of the HID bulb.
1 Open the hood of your vehicle and unplug the electrical connector from the back of your halo headlight ballast.
2 Plug the factory electrical plug into the HID kit's ballast,HID xenon kit.
3 Turn the halo halogen bulb counterclockwise and pull it out of the headlight assembly.
4 Align the tabs on the HID bulb with the notches cut in the halo headlight housing.
5 Press the HID bulb into the housing and turn it clockwise to lock it to the housing.
6 Plug the HID ballast into the back of the HID bulb.
The Best Parts of a Street Bike
Street bikes, also known as naked bikes, are a very basic type of motorcycle. They resemble dirt bikes but feature parts designed for street driving rather than off-road use. Street bikes also feature smaller engines and fewer accessories than sport bikes or long-distance cruisers, making them among the least-expensive motorcycle options.
Frame
The center of a street bike is its frame. Motorcycle frames are made from welded metal, and street bikes use lightweight construction to achieve a strong frame at a low cost. A street bike's frame includes connecting points for many of its other parts, including the seat, front forks, handlebars and engine mount.
Engine
Street bikes usually employ a dual-cylinder internal combustion gasoline engine. A four-stroke engine is the most common configuration, operating much like a typical car engine with intake, compression, ignition and exhaust cycles. The engine uses one spark plug for each cylinder and two or more valves per cylinder for intake and exhaust. Street bikes may feature either an air-cooled engine, with fins on its cylinders to create more surface area and keep the engine cool while driving, or liquid-cooled engines, with a front radiator and pump system like that found in a car.
Fuel Tank
The fuel tank on a street bike is positioned directly above the engine, in front of the rider. Street bikes feature small fuel tanks that may only hold a few gallons. However, this may give the rider an even greater effective range than the rider of a larger, heavier bike with a larger fuel tank but poorer fuel economy.
Wheels
Street bikes use wheels in the 15-inch to 18-inch range. Wheels may be forged, cast or spoked, and carry rubber tires with rubber inner tubes and a mild tread pattern for on-road driving. So-called hybrid street bikes may come with a more aggressive tread pattern for off-road performance. Each wheel includes a disc brake with a single caliper for slowing the bike.
Seat
A street bike's saddle is usually designed for a single rider, though dual-rider saddles are also available. The seat-and-handlebar configuration place the rider in an upright position with foot pegs directly below the seat. Street-bike seats may include a storage space for tools and often conceal the battery, which powers the onboard electrical system.
Driveline
A street bike uses a chain for its final drive, and a manual transmission with a pedal shifter and handlebar clutch lever. The transmission may include anywhere between three and six gears. The chain drive attaches the transmission, located near the center of the frame, to the rear wheel, which is the drive wheel.
Controls
A street-bike rider has access to a number of controls. These include a foot brake, a hand brake, the pedal shifter and hand clutch. Street bikes also include switches for engaging the headlight and turn signals. Some models may come equipped with a radio, but such amenities are not common on street bikes.
Frame
The center of a street bike is its frame. Motorcycle frames are made from welded metal, and street bikes use lightweight construction to achieve a strong frame at a low cost. A street bike's frame includes connecting points for many of its other parts, including the seat, front forks, handlebars and engine mount.
Engine
Street bikes usually employ a dual-cylinder internal combustion gasoline engine. A four-stroke engine is the most common configuration, operating much like a typical car engine with intake, compression, ignition and exhaust cycles. The engine uses one spark plug for each cylinder and two or more valves per cylinder for intake and exhaust. Street bikes may feature either an air-cooled engine, with fins on its cylinders to create more surface area and keep the engine cool while driving, or liquid-cooled engines, with a front radiator and pump system like that found in a car.
Fuel Tank
The fuel tank on a street bike is positioned directly above the engine, in front of the rider. Street bikes feature small fuel tanks that may only hold a few gallons. However, this may give the rider an even greater effective range than the rider of a larger, heavier bike with a larger fuel tank but poorer fuel economy.
Wheels
Street bikes use wheels in the 15-inch to 18-inch range. Wheels may be forged, cast or spoked, and carry rubber tires with rubber inner tubes and a mild tread pattern for on-road driving. So-called hybrid street bikes may come with a more aggressive tread pattern for off-road performance. Each wheel includes a disc brake with a single caliper for slowing the bike.
Seat
A street bike's saddle is usually designed for a single rider, though dual-rider saddles are also available. The seat-and-handlebar configuration place the rider in an upright position with foot pegs directly below the seat. Street-bike seats may include a storage space for tools and often conceal the battery, which powers the onboard electrical system.
Driveline
A street bike uses a chain for its final drive, and a manual transmission with a pedal shifter and handlebar clutch lever. The transmission may include anywhere between three and six gears. The chain drive attaches the transmission, located near the center of the frame, to the rear wheel, which is the drive wheel.
Controls
A street-bike rider has access to a number of controls. These include a foot brake, a hand brake, the pedal shifter and hand clutch. Street bikes also include switches for engaging the headlight and turn signals. Some models may come equipped with a radio, but such amenities are not common on street bikes.
The Uses of Cranberry Fruit Extract
H. Pylori Infection
H. Pylori is a bacteria that lives in the stomach; sometimes it lives there without causing problems. Other times, people end up developing ulcers because of it, among other stomach issues. The Mayo Clinic explains that early research shows that cranberry might aid in the reduction of the Helicobacter pylori bacteria that live in the stomach, thereby decreasing the chance for ulcers. The use of cranberry fruit extract for this condition also receives a grade of "good" from MayoClinic.com.
Other Uses
MayoClinic.com gives the following uses for cranberry fruit extract a grade of "unclear" as far as evidential proof is concerned; research is being conducted and the extract is being used, however, as a potential treatment: cranberry extract may be used as an antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal. Based on research, cranberry has been recommended as being an option to prevent cancer. There is a possibility that cranberry fruit extract might contribute to preventing the formation of kidney stones. Also, cranberry may not be able to work alone to treat urinary tract infections, but in conjunction with other treatment like antibiotics, it may be helpful.
Role of Silymarin in Diabetes
Improved Liver function leads to improved Diabetes Control
The liver is the first and most important tissue involved with insulin utilization. In secondary diabetes due to liver damage, insulin resistance in particularly pronounced. The reduction in lipid per oxidation produced by silymarin can lead to improved metabolic control and a reduced requirement for endogenous insulin in such patients, as demonstrated by this investigation conducted in Italy.
METHODS
A homogeneous group of 60 patients with diabetes caused by liver cirrhosis who were being traded with insulin were randomly assigned to receive silymarin 600 mg/day or no silymarin for 6 months; all were receiving insulin therapy and had elevated endogenous insulin secretion suggestive on insulin resistance. Additional criteria for inclusion were; age between 45 and 70 year; insulin therapy stable for at least 2 years; negative markers for hepatitis A, B and C; alcohol abstinence for at least 2 years; liver cirrhosis determined on biopsy no earlier than 4 years previously; and class 2 according to the Child classification of cirrhosis. Ranges of measurements were conducted to assess metabolic control, serum lipid levels and liver function throughout the treatment period.
H. Pylori is a bacteria that lives in the stomach; sometimes it lives there without causing problems. Other times, people end up developing ulcers because of it, among other stomach issues. The Mayo Clinic explains that early research shows that cranberry might aid in the reduction of the Helicobacter pylori bacteria that live in the stomach, thereby decreasing the chance for ulcers. The use of cranberry fruit extract for this condition also receives a grade of "good" from MayoClinic.com.
Other Uses
MayoClinic.com gives the following uses for cranberry fruit extract a grade of "unclear" as far as evidential proof is concerned; research is being conducted and the extract is being used, however, as a potential treatment: cranberry extract may be used as an antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal. Based on research, cranberry has been recommended as being an option to prevent cancer. There is a possibility that cranberry fruit extract might contribute to preventing the formation of kidney stones. Also, cranberry may not be able to work alone to treat urinary tract infections, but in conjunction with other treatment like antibiotics, it may be helpful.
Role of Silymarin in Diabetes
Improved Liver function leads to improved Diabetes Control
The liver is the first and most important tissue involved with insulin utilization. In secondary diabetes due to liver damage, insulin resistance in particularly pronounced. The reduction in lipid per oxidation produced by silymarin can lead to improved metabolic control and a reduced requirement for endogenous insulin in such patients, as demonstrated by this investigation conducted in Italy.
METHODS
A homogeneous group of 60 patients with diabetes caused by liver cirrhosis who were being traded with insulin were randomly assigned to receive silymarin 600 mg/day or no silymarin for 6 months; all were receiving insulin therapy and had elevated endogenous insulin secretion suggestive on insulin resistance. Additional criteria for inclusion were; age between 45 and 70 year; insulin therapy stable for at least 2 years; negative markers for hepatitis A, B and C; alcohol abstinence for at least 2 years; liver cirrhosis determined on biopsy no earlier than 4 years previously; and class 2 according to the Child classification of cirrhosis. Ranges of measurements were conducted to assess metabolic control, serum lipid levels and liver function throughout the treatment period.
Silymarin and Liver Disease
Silymarin provided protection against the toxic effects of long-term treatment with psychotropic drugs (used in mental illness) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical study of 60 people. Before the study began, all of the participants had been taking the psychotropic drugs phenothiazine or butyrophenone, or both, for at least 5 years. Subjects were divided into four groups for the 3-month trial: group I took psychotropic drugs and a high dose of silymarin (800 mg per day), group 11 took psychotropics with placebo, group III took silymarin only (800 mg per day), and group IV took placebo. Silymarin provided liver protection to group I by reducing blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of liver damage that increases during long-term treatment with psychotropics. Not surprisingly, the decrease in MDA levels was even greater in the group taking silymarin alone (group III ). Patients in group II continued to experience rising levels of MDA, whereas those who took placebo had declining MDA levels until the psychotropics were reinstated. There were no adverse effects associated with Milk Thistle treatment.
Alcoholic Liver Disease
A 1981 double-blind study followed 106 Finnish soldiers with mild alcoholic liver disease. In the treated group, there was a significant improvement in liver function as measured by blood tests and biopsy. 19 Another study reported similar results.20 However, a study of 116 participants showed little to no benefit,21 as did another study of 72 people followed for 15 months.
The cranberry extract.
The Uses of Cranberry Extract
The uses of cranberry fruit extract, according to MayoClinic.com, are not limited to the well-known use of treating urinary tract infections in conjunction with other treatment like antibiotics; there are many other uses for which cranberry has been studied. The Mayo Clinic recommends use of cranberry to prevent urinary tract infections; MayoClinic.com also provides information on other medical uses that are still in the process of being researched, but that have shown unclear to good scientifically sound results.
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention
The uses of cranberry fruit extract includes preventing urinary tract infections; according to MayoClinic.com, "the sum total of favorable evidence combined with laboratory research tends to support this use." Though the Mayo Clinic does not specify a particular dose for optimal use, they do know that the extract seems to function by keeping bacteria from sticking to cells that line the bladder. The Mayo Clinic considers the scientific evidence for this use to be "good."
Alcoholic Liver Disease
A 1981 double-blind study followed 106 Finnish soldiers with mild alcoholic liver disease. In the treated group, there was a significant improvement in liver function as measured by blood tests and biopsy. 19 Another study reported similar results.20 However, a study of 116 participants showed little to no benefit,21 as did another study of 72 people followed for 15 months.
The cranberry extract.
The Uses of Cranberry Extract
The uses of cranberry fruit extract, according to MayoClinic.com, are not limited to the well-known use of treating urinary tract infections in conjunction with other treatment like antibiotics; there are many other uses for which cranberry has been studied. The Mayo Clinic recommends use of cranberry to prevent urinary tract infections; MayoClinic.com also provides information on other medical uses that are still in the process of being researched, but that have shown unclear to good scientifically sound results.
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention
The uses of cranberry fruit extract includes preventing urinary tract infections; according to MayoClinic.com, "the sum total of favorable evidence combined with laboratory research tends to support this use." Though the Mayo Clinic does not specify a particular dose for optimal use, they do know that the extract seems to function by keeping bacteria from sticking to cells that line the bladder. The Mayo Clinic considers the scientific evidence for this use to be "good."
Silymarin benefits of milk thistle cleasing
kidney.silymarin Silybin has also been tested in animals for its ability to protect the kidney from damage due to drugs such as the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Results of this research were promising and should be confirmed by clinical studies in humans.
Silybin reduces oxidative damage to kidney cells in vitro. In rats, silybin prevented cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity, but did not prevent cyclosporine-induced glomerular damage except for lipid peroxidation.
What Is Citrus Aurantium Extract?
Citrus aurantium, also known as Bitter Orange or Seville Orange, is a plant used for medicinal purposes in China, South America, India and North America. The leaves, flowers, dried fruit and dried peel are all used for aiding stomach ailments, constipation and supporting the nervous system. Currently, citrus aurantium is used in many weight loss products.
Weight Loss
Citrus aurantium contains the plant chemical, synephrine, which is similar to epinephrine in its chemical structure, and is the reason citrus aurantium has been used in weight loss products after Ephedra was taken off the market. Synephrine stimulates the nervous system, and is used to decrease appetite.
Digestion
Citrus aurantium is used in herbal medicines as a general digestive tonic and can be prescribed for indigestion, constipation, low stomach acid, nausea, flatulence and stomach cramps.
Essential Oil
Citrus aurantium is one of many plants that can be used for the extraction of Orange Blossom oil and Orange Flower water. It also can be found under the name Neroli petalae, though it is far less fragrant than true Neroli oil.
Silybin reduces oxidative damage to kidney cells in vitro. In rats, silybin prevented cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity, but did not prevent cyclosporine-induced glomerular damage except for lipid peroxidation.
What Is Citrus Aurantium Extract?
Citrus aurantium, also known as Bitter Orange or Seville Orange, is a plant used for medicinal purposes in China, South America, India and North America. The leaves, flowers, dried fruit and dried peel are all used for aiding stomach ailments, constipation and supporting the nervous system. Currently, citrus aurantium is used in many weight loss products.
Weight Loss
Citrus aurantium contains the plant chemical, synephrine, which is similar to epinephrine in its chemical structure, and is the reason citrus aurantium has been used in weight loss products after Ephedra was taken off the market. Synephrine stimulates the nervous system, and is used to decrease appetite.
Digestion
Citrus aurantium is used in herbal medicines as a general digestive tonic and can be prescribed for indigestion, constipation, low stomach acid, nausea, flatulence and stomach cramps.
Essential Oil
Citrus aurantium is one of many plants that can be used for the extraction of Orange Blossom oil and Orange Flower water. It also can be found under the name Neroli petalae, though it is far less fragrant than true Neroli oil.
2012年2月16日星期四
Atmel Introduces LED Driver That Enhances LCD TV Picture Quality
SAN JOSE, Calif., Feb. 13, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Atmel? Corporation (Nasdaq: ATML), a leader in microcontroller and touch technology solutions, today announced a new high-performance family of 16-string LED drivers with integrated timing algorithms that improve picture quality of LCD TVs by eliminating 3D ghosting and flickering effects. With these capabilities, the Atmel MSL2164 and Atmel MSL2166 devices are ideal for delivering the most compelling viewing and video gaming experience via new 3D and 2D scrolling backlight TVs.
The LED drivers work seamlessly with Atmel AVR? microcontrollers (MCUs), including the Atmel tinyAVR?, Atmel megaAVR? and Atmel AVR XMEGA? devices. The microcontrollers process timing and dimming instructions, sending this data to the MSL2164 and MSL2166 devices. The AVR devices, along with firmware, provide a total solution that optimizes the entire backlight design, delivering superior performance compared to competitive solutions.
Featuring highest efficiency power management and backlight control along with multiple dimming modes for 3D, scanning and zone dimming edge-lit LCD TVs, the MSL2164 and MSL2166 devices drive up to 16 parallel strings of LEDs and offer comprehensive system and fault management to support high-performance backlight design. With this new driver family, high-end TV OEMs can deliver high screen resolution and greatly enhance picture quality using internal lighting timing algorithms that improve the backlight timing accuracy, with higher resolution vs. other solutions on the market today. At the same time, since OEMs will be able to choose from smaller form factor MCUs, such as tinyAVR devices, they can lower their system overhead.
Historically, TV OEMs have had to calculate the appropriate parameters to effectively illuminate a desired area in the backlight of a display. LED drivers would generate algorithms to set the appropriate string phase to optimize synchronization of the backlight to the LCD panel. Often, OEMs had to perform additional calculations to adjust the string phrase to ensure that the backlight was properly synchronized within the frame refresh. The MSL2164 and the MSL2166, with multiple pulse width modulation (PWM) modes—including forward, inverse, trailing and center—reduce design complexity because the timing algorithms are integrated into the devices. This ensures that the backlight is illuminated at the most optimal moment, when all of the LCD pixels have settled.
"Next-generation TVs, particularly those with 3D displays, demand a different approach towards local dimming," said Girish Ramesh, marketing manager of smart power products at Atmel Corporation. "Our newest LED drivers, the MSL2164 and the MSL2166, with their smart timing algorithms and programmable PWM modes, give OEMs who are developing LED edge-lit TVs a clear advantage in performance, design time and cost."
Minimize Power, Maximize Backlight Performance
The MSL2164 and MSL2166 devices drive external MOSFETs with high current accuracy and string matching. By offering the widest dimming resolution in Atmel's LED driver product family, the devices increase the contrast ratio and reduce power consumption by at least 20% compared to other available solutions.
12-bit PWM string dimming, which allows 4,096 gray scales for an enhanced image
8-bit global intensity dimming
12-bit PWM string phrasing
10-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) current control, which increases dimming LED driver control in lower light conditions
8-bit adaptive power correction, which maximizes efficiency of up to 3 string power supplies
An on-chip EEPROM allows OEMs to pre-program key system parameters to allow multiple subframes and reduce overall system design complexity and cost. The LED drivers feature Efficiency Optimizers that adaptively control up to three DC-DC converters that power the LED strings, minimizing power while maintaining LED current accuracy.
Availability and Pricing
Production volumes of the MSL2164 and the MSL2166 are available now, with prices at $5.95 for quantities of 1K.
About Atmel
Atmel Corporation (Nasdaq: ATML) is a worldwide leader in the design and manufacture of microcontrollers, capacitive touch solutions, advanced logic, mixed-signal, nonvolatile memory and radio frequency (RF) components. Leveraging one of the industry's broadest intellectual property (IP) technology portfolios, Atmel is able to provide the electronics industry with complete system solutions focused on industrial, consumer, communications, computing and automotive markets.
The FL7730 is an active PFC controller for single-stage flyback topology application. The device supports both TRIAC and analog dimming. Implemented with Fairchild's unique analog sensing technology, the device can achieve TRIAC dimming control without flicker over the full range of 0 to 100% light output.
The FL7730 and FL7732 combine primary-side regulation and a single-stage PFC topology to minimize total bill-of-material (BOM) count, such as an input electrolytic capacitor and feedback circuitry.
To improve power factor and THD, both devices feature constant on-time control with an internal error amplifier and low bandwidth compensator. Precise Constant Current accuracy/control (± 5 percent) regulates accurate output current, independent of input and output voltage, allowing designers to achieve high and improved lighting quality. Operating frequency is proportionally adjusted by output voltage in both devices to guarantee DCM operation with optimized PF/THD and simpler design.
PF (=0.9), low total harmonic distortion (THD) (Class C) and power efficiency of up to 85 percent for the FL7730 - greater than 85 percent for the FL7732 in non-dimming applications - allows these devices to meet worldwide energy saving regulations.
The LED drivers work seamlessly with Atmel AVR? microcontrollers (MCUs), including the Atmel tinyAVR?, Atmel megaAVR? and Atmel AVR XMEGA? devices. The microcontrollers process timing and dimming instructions, sending this data to the MSL2164 and MSL2166 devices. The AVR devices, along with firmware, provide a total solution that optimizes the entire backlight design, delivering superior performance compared to competitive solutions.
Featuring highest efficiency power management and backlight control along with multiple dimming modes for 3D, scanning and zone dimming edge-lit LCD TVs, the MSL2164 and MSL2166 devices drive up to 16 parallel strings of LEDs and offer comprehensive system and fault management to support high-performance backlight design. With this new driver family, high-end TV OEMs can deliver high screen resolution and greatly enhance picture quality using internal lighting timing algorithms that improve the backlight timing accuracy, with higher resolution vs. other solutions on the market today. At the same time, since OEMs will be able to choose from smaller form factor MCUs, such as tinyAVR devices, they can lower their system overhead.
Historically, TV OEMs have had to calculate the appropriate parameters to effectively illuminate a desired area in the backlight of a display. LED drivers would generate algorithms to set the appropriate string phase to optimize synchronization of the backlight to the LCD panel. Often, OEMs had to perform additional calculations to adjust the string phrase to ensure that the backlight was properly synchronized within the frame refresh. The MSL2164 and the MSL2166, with multiple pulse width modulation (PWM) modes—including forward, inverse, trailing and center—reduce design complexity because the timing algorithms are integrated into the devices. This ensures that the backlight is illuminated at the most optimal moment, when all of the LCD pixels have settled.
"Next-generation TVs, particularly those with 3D displays, demand a different approach towards local dimming," said Girish Ramesh, marketing manager of smart power products at Atmel Corporation. "Our newest LED drivers, the MSL2164 and the MSL2166, with their smart timing algorithms and programmable PWM modes, give OEMs who are developing LED edge-lit TVs a clear advantage in performance, design time and cost."
Minimize Power, Maximize Backlight Performance
The MSL2164 and MSL2166 devices drive external MOSFETs with high current accuracy and string matching. By offering the widest dimming resolution in Atmel's LED driver product family, the devices increase the contrast ratio and reduce power consumption by at least 20% compared to other available solutions.
12-bit PWM string dimming, which allows 4,096 gray scales for an enhanced image
8-bit global intensity dimming
12-bit PWM string phrasing
10-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) current control, which increases dimming LED driver control in lower light conditions
8-bit adaptive power correction, which maximizes efficiency of up to 3 string power supplies
An on-chip EEPROM allows OEMs to pre-program key system parameters to allow multiple subframes and reduce overall system design complexity and cost. The LED drivers feature Efficiency Optimizers that adaptively control up to three DC-DC converters that power the LED strings, minimizing power while maintaining LED current accuracy.
Availability and Pricing
Production volumes of the MSL2164 and the MSL2166 are available now, with prices at $5.95 for quantities of 1K.
About Atmel
Atmel Corporation (Nasdaq: ATML) is a worldwide leader in the design and manufacture of microcontrollers, capacitive touch solutions, advanced logic, mixed-signal, nonvolatile memory and radio frequency (RF) components. Leveraging one of the industry's broadest intellectual property (IP) technology portfolios, Atmel is able to provide the electronics industry with complete system solutions focused on industrial, consumer, communications, computing and automotive markets.
LED driver compatible with triac dimming
Fairchild Semiconductor has developed the FL7730 single-stage primary side regulation (PSR) controller with power factor correction (PFC), TRIAC and analog dimming compatibility, as well as the FL7732 for non-dimming applications.The FL7730 is an active PFC controller for single-stage flyback topology application. The device supports both TRIAC and analog dimming. Implemented with Fairchild's unique analog sensing technology, the device can achieve TRIAC dimming control without flicker over the full range of 0 to 100% light output.
The FL7730 and FL7732 combine primary-side regulation and a single-stage PFC topology to minimize total bill-of-material (BOM) count, such as an input electrolytic capacitor and feedback circuitry.
To improve power factor and THD, both devices feature constant on-time control with an internal error amplifier and low bandwidth compensator. Precise Constant Current accuracy/control (± 5 percent) regulates accurate output current, independent of input and output voltage, allowing designers to achieve high and improved lighting quality. Operating frequency is proportionally adjusted by output voltage in both devices to guarantee DCM operation with optimized PF/THD and simpler design.
PF (=0.9), low total harmonic distortion (THD) (Class C) and power efficiency of up to 85 percent for the FL7730 - greater than 85 percent for the FL7732 in non-dimming applications - allows these devices to meet worldwide energy saving regulations.
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